Evaluation of popular cultivars and introgression lines against red rot disease of sugarcane
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Date
2018-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the valuable commercial crops of India and grown chiefly for sugar. It produced more than 75 percent of the sugar and provides raw material for various industries. It grew well in tropical and subtropical and thrives well in various agri-ecological situations. It also produces various economically important by-products such as bagasse, fly ash, pressmud, and molasses etc. As it is a long duration and sugar-rich crop, therefore, suffers from a number of diseases. Majority of them are of fungal origin. Among them, the red rot of sugarcane caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went. is an important disease which reduces production and productivity of cane at national and international level. In the present study, experiments were conducted to assess the physiological characteristics, in vitro efficacy of botanicals and fungicides, the effect of the crude toxin on leaves, in vivo evaluation of introgression lines (C1), and the status of resistance declination in popular sugarcane cultivars against red rot. According to physiological studies, results clearly indicate that 250C temperature and 7.0 pH values are optimum for the growth of test pathogen. On the basis of cultural characterstics, it was concluded that isolated pathogen from CoS8436 (Pant isolate) resembled with Cf08 and thus no new isolate reported. Seven botanicals viz. Parthenium hysterophorus, Argemone mexicana, Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa and Ageratum conyzoides tested against the test pathogen at 5, 10, and 20 per cent concentrations. Parthenium was found most effective. In vitro efficacy of four fungicides viz. Folicur (Tebuconazole), Bavistin (Carbendazim), Custodia (Azoxystrobin + Tebuconazole), Cabri Top (Metiram + Pyraclostrobin) was evaluated. Carbendazim, Azoxystrobin + Tebuconazole, and Tebuconazole (5, 10, 15, 20 and 50μgml-1) found efficacious (100 percent inhibition) to control the pathogen. Among one hundred and eighty-eight introgression (188) lines (C1), 6 lines namely, CoPant96219GC-1, CoPant96219GC-3, Bo91×Co453-4, Co91269×Co62198-2, CoS91269×Co62198-3, and CoS84×Co89003-11 were found resistant to red rot. Among twelve cultivars of sugarcane, four cultivars viz. CoJ64, CoS8436, Co1148, and CoS767 showed resistance declination and showed susceptible reaction, therefore are prone to C. falcatum Race Cf08 and Cf09. Screening for resistance to red rot disease by using crude toxin of the test pathogen on sugarcane leaves showed that only plants susceptible to fungus were affected by the toxin.
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