Effect of organic amendments on growth and yield of mustard grown in chromium contaminated soils
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Date
2018
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Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi
Abstract
Due to wide industrial use of chromium, it is considered a serious environmental pollutant. Chromium exists in several oxidation states (-2 to +6), but hexavalent chromate [Cr (VI)] and trivalent chromite [Cr (III)] forms are the most common and stable in the natural environment. Cr (VI) in the forms of chromate (CrO42-), dichromate (Cr2O72-), and CrO3 are considered the most toxic forms of chromium, as it presents high oxidizing potential, high solubility, and mobility across the membranes in living organisms and in the environment. Several organic amendments can improve phytostabilization and the production of plant by decreasing the solubility, leaching and bioavailability of trace elements. However very few comparative studies have been performed so far and the choice of a particular organic amendment in assisted phytostabilization strategies often remain empirical.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic amendments on growth and yield of mustard grown in chromium contaminated soilsin Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Five levels of chromium viz. 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm with and without three organic amendments viz. vermicompost @ 5 ton ha-1, farm yard manure @ 10 ton ha-1 and sewage sludge @ 20 ton ha-1 treatment were applied in the experiment. It was observed that chromium has negative impact on growth and yield of mustard. Organic amendments found better option to mitigate chromium toxicities on growth and yield of mustard as they supply organic matter which enhances microbial population and simultaneously reduces the toxicity of chromium by decreasing availability of chromium in soil. Among the organic amendments vermicompost exhibited superior efficacy in alleviating the effect of chromium. It was followed by farm yard manure while sewage sludge was least effective in mitigating the toxic effect of chromium.
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Chromium