CLINICO –DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON HAEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS IN DOGS ASSOCIATED WITH BACTERIAL INVOLVEMENT
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Date
2019-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs is the most commonly prevalent gastrointestinal
disorder throughout the globe. The present research was undertaken to identify etiological agents, to document the clinical signs and haemato-biochemical alterations and to treat the bacterial haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs with suitable therapeutic regimen. Eighty four diarrhoeic dogs were screened, of them 37 dogs were suffering from haemorrhagic enteritis with an incidence rate of 44.04 percent. Diagnosis of haemorrhagic enteritis was mainly done by history and clinical examination was carried out to record clinical signs. The etiological agents for haemorrhagic diarrhoea were determined by faecal culture and microscopic examination of the faecal samples. Out of the 37 dogs suffering with haemorrhagic enteritis, faecal samples from 20 dogs were randomly collected and were subjected for isolation and identification of bacteria by faecal culture examination.
In the present study, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria like Escherichia coli,
Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. and Proteus spp. were
isolated from 14 (70%), 7 (35%), 4 (20%). 3 (15%) and one (5%) patients respectively.
Whereas concurrent infection with intestinal parasites / protozoa revealed the presence
of Ancylostome spp. in three patients, Coccidia spp. in one patient and Toxocara spp.
in one patient. For determination of age, breed and gender wise incidence the 37 dogs affected with haemorrhagic enteritis were taken into account. Age wise incidence revealed that there was no significant variation in the percentage of dogs affected. Incidence of
haemorrhagic enteritis in below 6 months age was 45.45 per cent, whereas in the age
groups of 6 months to 1 year and more than 1 year the incidence was 45 and 40 per cent
respectively. The breed wise incidence was 72.72, 66.66, 42.85, 40, 38.88, 33.33, 33.33, 20
and 14.28 per cent in Mongrel, Labrador retriever, German shepherd, Dobermann,
Pomeranian, Rottweiler, Dachshund, Lhasa apso and Cocker spaniel respectively.
In male and female dogs the incidence was 44.23 percent and 43.75 percent
respectively. The most frequently observed clinical signs in haemorrhagic enteritis
infected dogs were dullness, depression, bloody diarrhoea, anorexia, emesis and
varying degrees of dehydration. Other less frequently observed signs were pyrexia,
subnormal temperature, pale conjunctiva, recumbence and death.
The haemato-biochemical alterations in haemorrhagic enteritis infected dogs
include, significant increase in mean total leucocyte count and neutrophil counts as
compared to control group (Group I). Whereas significant decrease was recorded in
mean haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total serum protein,
serum glucose, serum sodium, serum potassium and serum chloride.
Twelve (12) haemorrhagic enteritis dogs associated with bacteria were
randomly divided into Group II and Group III for therapeutic trial. The patients in
Group II were treated with amikacin, ondansetron, ethamsylate, rantidine and fluid
therapy and Group III was administered with combination of amikacin, probiotic,
ondansetron, ethamsylate, rantidine and fluid therapy. With regard to therapeutic efficacy the magnitude of improvement and reversal of normalcy in certain clinical parameters and various haemato biochemical parameters was far better in Group III patients as compared to patients in Group II. To conclude,the first choice of therapeutic regimen to treat haemorrhagic diarrhoea associated with bacteria is a combination of amikacin, probiotic along with supportive therapy.
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