Studies on mitigation of drought effect through foliar spray of chemicals on soybean (Glycine max L. merril) under rainfed condition

Marksole, Jitendra

Studies on mitigation of drought effect through foliar spray of chemicals on soybean (Glycine max L. merril) under rainfed condition

Files

T-84050.pdf (5.81 MB)

Date

2016

Authors

Marksole, Jitendra

Publisher

JNKVV

Abstract

ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is one of the commercial crops in India. Soybean is a crop of multiple qualities, as it is both a pulse and oilseed crop. It contains 40 percent protein and 20 percent edible oil, besides minerals and vitamins. As per survey conducted by SOPA, the all India estimated production 12.98 million tonnes from an area of 12.03 million hectare with productivity of 1079 kg/ha. In Madhya Pradesh the area under soybean cultivation is 6.26 million hectares with the production of 5.95 million tonnes. Although the ecological conditions of the state are congenial for soybean production, but the yield is substantially low (950 kg/ha), despite of the best management practices (SOPA, 2014). A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2015, AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Kuthulia Farm College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) to study the “Studies on mitigation of drought effect through foliar spray of chemicals on soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) under rainfed condition.” Keeping above facts in view, present study has been taken with following objectives to assess the growth and development of soybean as influence by different chemicals spray. To find out the suitable chemical to mitigate drought in soybean. To judge the comparative performance of different chemicals and water spray from control on the basis of economics of treatments. The present experiment was carried out on clayey soil which was medium in organic carbon (0.60 %), available nitrogen (350 kg/ha) and phosphorus (16.50 kg/ha) but high in potassium (333 kg/ha) and neutral in reaction (7.1). The investigation was aimed to study the efficacy of drought effect through foliar spray of chemicals and to determine economic viability of treatments. Eight treatments comprised of water spray,1% KNO3, 1% KCl, thiourea@250g/ha and their combination with trizophos at 25-30 and 55-60 DAS and control plots were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. All foliar spray chemicals treatments were applied in 500 liters of water per hectare, using flat fan nozzle. Different observations on the crop parameters were carried out during the course of investigation. Plant population of soybean was recorded at 20 DAS and harvest. Growth parameters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaf were recorded at different time intervals. Yield attributing traits viz., pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed index (100 seed weight) were recorded at maturity. Finally, seed and straw yields were recorded treatment wise. Tabulation and statistical analysis of data were done for testing the significance among the different treatments which are summarized below. The plant population of soybean was not affected under all treatments at 20 DAS and at harvest, indicating that these treatments did not adversely affect the germination and further survival of crop plants. Consequently, plant population was almost similar under all treatments. Growth parameters like plant height, branches per plant, number of leaves per plant were significantly superior in treated plot than control plots. However, foliar spray treatment was better overall treatments closely followed by T3. Yield attributing traits viz., pods per plant and seed index (100 seed weight) were also superior under treated plots as compared to control plots in which these parameters were inferior. Both seed and straw yields were significantly higher under all the treatments receiving foliar spray measure than control plots. Maximum seed yield of soybean was recorded under T8 treatment and proved superior over all the treatments except foliar spray 1% KNO3 + Trizophos@600g/ha (T8) which was found significantly superior over all the treatment. Foliar spray chemical treatments received T8 maximum investment (Rs 17645.80 /ha) to control weeds, while expenditure incurred under treatment (T2) water, (T3) 1% KNO3, (T4) 1% KCl, (T5) thiourea@250g/ha and (T6), (T7) and (T8) combination with trizophos at 25-30 and 55-60 DAS ranged from Rs 15515.80/ha to Rs 17645.80/ha, maximum gross monetary return (Rs 62980.80/ha) was obtained under foliar spray treatment closely followed by T8 1% KNO3 + Trizophos@600g/ha. Though GMR was maximum in foliar spray treatments, but the net monetary returns and B:C ratio were also the highest under 1% KNO3 + Trizophos@600g/ha (T8) closely followed by (T6) thiourea@250g + Trizophos@600g/ha to soybean. Based on the foregoing discussion, the following conclusions could be drawn. Growth and development was better in T8 (foliar spray of 1% KNO3+ trizophos@600ml/ha). The foliar spray of Thiourea@250g/ha and 1% KNO3 is the suitable chemical to mitigating drought in soybean. The grain yield (1390.94 kg/ha), net returns Rs45335/ha and B:C ratio 3.57 were maximum number foliar spray of 1% KNO3 at 25-30 and 55-60 DAS + Trizophos@600ml/ha tank mix compared to other treatments.