Studies on floral biology, fruit set and yield in different cultivars of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
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Date
2015-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Studies on floral biology, fruit set and yield in different cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.)” was carried out at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during the year 2014. Flowering and fruiting characteristics of six year old 12 mango cultivars namely, Dashehari, Dashehari-51, Langra, Pant Sinduri, Pant Chandra, Amrapali, Mallika, Pusa Arunima, Pusa Surya, Ambika, Arunika and Sensation were studied. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) having 12 treatments with three replication. The wide variations were observed
in relation to the panicle emergence (3rd Feb - 6th March), panicle length (25.41- 40.50 cm), panicle width (12.03- 24.00 cm), thickness of rachis (0.51- 0.61 cm), number of paracladia/panicle (17.50- 30.25), duration of flowering (17- 31 days), total number of flowers/panicle (465.25- 957.33), per cent hermaphrodite flowers (35.15% - 60.51%), sex ratio (0.65- 1.84), pollen viability (87.50% -95.09%), pollen germination (23.09% - 38.18%), fruit set (13.33- 22.00 fruits/panicle), cumulative fruit drop (84.29% - 93.62%), fruit retention (6.38% -15.71%), fruit weight (96.83- 362.83 g), fruit length (6.74-10.22 cm), width (4.98-
8.22 cm) number of fruit per tree (32.33- 101.67), fruit yield (4.65-24.76 Kg/plant) and yield efficiency (0.33-1.98 kg/m3). The cultivar Pant Sinduri has registered the higher panicle length (40.50 cm), panicle width (24.00 cm), pollen width (19.34 μm) and fruit set per panicle (22.00 at pea stage). The duration of flowering (31 days) and sex ratio (1.84) were found maximum in cultivar Amrapali. The cultivar Pusa Surya has excellent in term of pollen length (42.21 μm), fruit retention at harvest (15.71%) and lower fruit drop (84.29%). The pollen germination (38.18%) and fruit set at pea stage (9.5%) were found higher in cultivar Sensation. The cultivar Dashehari has registered maximum number of flowers per panicle (957.33) and number of fruit per tree (101.67). The fruit weight (362.83 g), fruit length (12.33 cm) and fruit yield per tree (24.76 kg) have been found more in cultivar Mallika. There was no significant correlation between yield and floral characteristics whereas, out of all yield contributing attributes only fruit weight have a highly significant positive correlation with fruit yield per tree.
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