Allelopathic potential of aqueous extract of three winter weeds against little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2018-19 at College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The laboratory experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments i.e. control, 10% aqueous extract each of Convolvulus arvensis, Melilotus indica and Chenopodium album with three replications to assess their allelopathic potential on wheat and Phalaris minor. The germination per cent, mean germination time, days to 50% germination, seed vigour index, root length, shoot length and total seedling length of Phalaris minor was significantly inhibited with the application of aqueous extracts of three winter weeds, but that of wheat was relatively less affected. The highest inhibition of these parameters was recorded under aqueous extract of Melilotus indica 10%, which was found as the best treatment that drastically reduced germination and growth of Phalaris minor, whereas, germination and growth of wheat was affected only to a little extent. Finally, a field experiment was conducted to finally validate the controlled conditions findings and to further assess the bio-efficacy as well as phytotoxicity of the weeds aqueous extracts and their allelopathic potential on growth and yield parameters of wheat and growth of Phalaris minor under field condition. The field experiment was laid out with twelve treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design (RBD). Application of 10% aqueous extract of three winter weeds i.e. Convolvulus arvensis, Melilotus indica and Chenopodium album, each applied as pre emergence, early post emergence, sequential application as pre followed by early-post emergence and tank mixed application of all three aqueous extracts as pre emergence spray caused effective control of Phalaris minor population and checked the growth as well especially at critical crop-weed competition period. However, sequential application of 10% aqueous extract of Melilotus indica and Convolvulus arvensis applied as pre followed by early post-emergence spray performed best in terms of controlling Phalaris minor, recording weed control efficiency of 61.4 and 54.6%, respectively at 40DAS. Moreover, spraying of these two aqueous extract also leads to 41.07 and 37.84% higher grain yield of wheat compared to weedy check and gave higher net return. Based on this study, it may be concluded that aqueous extracts of Melilotus indica and Convolvulus arvensis shows strong phytotoxicity against Phalaris minor. Hence, these weed aqueous extracts can be used as potential herbicides in future organic weed management programmes and in Integrated Weed Management programmes (IWMPs) as these are natural plant products, easily biodegradable and eco-friendly.
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