Genetic analysis for yield and some morphophysiological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2022-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis using line x tester mating design during Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22, at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). The experimental material consisted of nine lines viz., WB2, UP2855, QLD103, QLD106, UP2903, HD2967, DBW187, VL967 and PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/ROLF07/4/BERKUT//… crossed with four testers viz., HI1612, HD3226, UP2942 and UP262 in line x tester mating design to produce 36 F1s. . These 36 F1s along with the 13 parents and two standard checks viz. UP2748 and WH1105 were planted in randomized block design with three replications during Rabi season of 2021-22 and observations were recorded for sixteen traits viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, peduncle length, number of effective tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, 1000 grain weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant harvest index, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and Canopy temperature depression. The findings revealed that all of the genotypes showed significant differences, indicating the presence of a considerable amount of genetic variability, since mean squares for all of the characters were found to be highly significant. The parental line UP2903 was identified as a good general combiner for maximum number of characters viz., days to maturity, number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant, harvest index and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index at anthesis, followed by QLD103 for grain weight per spike, number of spikelets per spike and flag leaf area. The cross combination QLD103 x UP262 emerged as good specific cross combination for number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and peduncle length. The hybrid VL967 x UP2942 was recognized as the superior specific combiner for grain yield per plant, whereas, F1, PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/ROLF07/4/BERKUT//… x HI1612 was a better specific cross for flag leaf area and biological yield per plant and DBW187 x UP262 was a good specific combiner for plant height and number of effective tillers per plant. The variance ratio between general and specific combining ability was less than one, indicating that non-additive gene action predominate for the majority of the traits. Among the crosses, VL967 X UP262, UP2903 X HI1612, WB2 X UP262, VL967 X UP2942, WB2 X UP262, DBW187 X UP262, QLD103 X UP262, QLD103 X HD3226, HD2967 X UP2942, QLD103 X UP262, QLD103 X UP262, PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/ROLF07/4/BERKUT//… X HI1612, VL967 X UP2942, UP2903 X UP262, UP2903 × UP262 and UP2903 x HI1612 were recognized as the best heterotic hybrids over all the levels for the characters days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, peduncle length, number of effective tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, 1000 grain weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant harvest index, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and Canopy temperature depression, respectively. The most promising heterotic cross combination for the trait grain yield per plant was VL967 X UP2942 followed by UP2903 X UP262. Good combiner genotypes could be used in crossing programme and crosses with large sca effects can be exploited to obtain transgressive segregants. Significant heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yield and its attributing characteristics revealed that there is plenty of room for exploitation of heterosis and potential for isolating desirable segregants. Therefore, based on the aforementioned analysis, we may choose the best lines and crosses for further use in our breeding programmes.