DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTH-WEST MONSOON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MAJOR CROPS OF SOLAN DISTRICT IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Date
2023-10-18
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UHF,NAUNI
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was carried out during 2022-2023 in the Department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-173230 Solan, Himachal Pradesh to quantify the characteristic features of southwest monsoon and its impact on major crop production of Solan district. To achieve the objectives daily data on rainfall and rainy days for 33 years (1990-2022) for the southwest monsoon period (June to September) was collected from the Agromet observatory, Department of Environmental Science, of the university. The southwest monsoon spells were divided into six categories (1-day, 2-day, 3-day, 4-day, 5-day & >5 days duration). Similarly, the monsoon breaks (dry spells) were divided into five categories (5-day, 5–10-day, 10-15 day, 15-20 and > 20 days). The normal date of onset of S-W monsoon was 13th June with earliest 29th May 2020 and delayed 27th June, 2002 with 8 & 6 days of standard deviation. The onset date was advancing and withdrawal date was delaying which indicated that the total duration of S-W monsoon was expanding. The number of wet spells of medium duration was highest in August and increasing with a non-significant rate of 0.078 spells/year, but higher duration spells were observed maximum in July which decreasing @ 0.01spells/year. The total wet spells were increasing at a non-significantly rate of 0.043 spells/year. The dry spells of short and medium duration (< 5 & 10-15 Days) were highest in July and September with decreasing trend of 0.027 & 0.003 spells/years, spells of higher duration (15-20) were maximum in August and September with an increasing @ 0.035 and 0.011 spells /year. No spells of more than 20 days were observed. The overall trend in total dry spells was increasing @ 0.015 spells/year. In Solan district the crop productivity of all crops except apple was increasing. The S-W monsoon rainfall exhibited positive correlation with crop productivity of Rice, Maize, Wheat, Peach, Plum, Capsicum and Tomato but negative for Apple in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh