Economic analysis of production and trade performance of pulses in India vis-à-vis Myanmar
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Date
2021-08
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
The present study has been conducted with the aim of working out trends in the area, production, and productivity of pulses, analyzing the import and export scenario of pulses, also studying the various policy initiatives for the promotion of pulses, and identifying the constraints associated with pulses production and trade in India vis a vis Myanmar. Major Pulses, namely, chickpea, pigeonpea, lentil, black gram, green gram and cowpea were selected for India and Myanmar according to production trend and trade pattern. The study was conducted on the basis of secondary data where the data from 1970 to 2019 were aggregated to determine trends in area, production, and productivity and 1988 to 2019 data were used for the export-import scenario for both countries. The analysis used in this research were compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and instability (CV%).The study revealed that in case of India, trends in area and production of major pulses increased exponentially during the study periods while yield increased slightly in 2018-19 except in chickpea (1041kg/ha) and lentil (901kg/ha). In an opposite case in Myanmar, yield of major pulses (1478 kg/ha in chickpea, 1178kg/ha in pigeonpea, 1432 kg/ha in black gram, 1239kg/ha in green gram and 881 kg/ha in cowpea) increased significantly in 2018-19. The growth rate of major pulses in India was mostly low in period I in the case of chickpea (-0.18% in area, -0.6% in production and -0.41% in yield) while black gram (-1.55% in area, -1.39% in production and 0.15% in yield) and green gram (0.21% in area, -1.44% in production and -1.64% in yield) found declining growth in period IV. The fluctuations in area (23.05%), production (44.69%) and yield (21.11%) in case of black gram were shown the highest in India. The overall area (83.51%) and production (105.54%) fluctuations in Myanmar in case of pigeonpea was the highest among the major pulses while yield fluctuation was the highest in chickpea (40.05%). In case of export-import scenario, India's pulses imports were now ranked first in the world due to increasing population, lower yield and higher prices. The exports from Myanmar declined in the recent year due to restriction of imports quota from India. To meet the ever increasing domestic demand, the government of India brought several programs from time to time for promoting pulses production like Pulses Development Scheme (1969-74), Technology Mission on Oilseeds and Pulses (1985-86), Integrated Schemes for Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (2004-10)and National Food Security Mission (2007-onwards). Problems of Indian pulses economy might be solved with the increase the sources of production, inputs, marketing and extension activities. Effective and continuous efforts are required to increase the area under cultivation as well as the yield of pulses. Lack of R& D program in Myanmar pulses sector is the biggest constraint. There are many constraints and accelerators in production, marketing and trade which are related to foundational factors, financial and technical factors in both countries.