Study of genetic diversity based on morpho-biochemical and molecular markers in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
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Date
2023-07
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
The present investigation “Study of genetic diversity based on morpho-biochemical and molecular markers in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.” was carried out at Farm Research Area of Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif Season 2022 to find out genetic diversity for various traits in American cotton genotypes. On the basis of DUS characterization high variation was observed for traits viz leaf hairiness, plant stem hairiness, plant height (cm), boll shape, boll weight (g), seed index (g), ginning outturn (%), leaf petiole pigmentation, plant stem pigmentation, plant growth habitat (cm), days to 50% flowering, flower petal colour, flower stigma, flower pollen colour, boll surface, prominence of tip on boll and seed fuzz density. Analysis of variance revealed that sufficient variability was present for all the traits among the genotypes. Seed cotton yield (g), lint weight (g), number of bolls per plant, number of sympods per plant, boll weight (g) and seed index (g) exhibited moderate GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for the traits like number of bolls per plant, number of sympods per plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint weight (g), seed cotton yield (g), sugar content (%), gossypol content (%), phenol content (%) and tannin content (%). Hence, these characters have very low environmental effect therefore, direct selection can be used to improve these traits. Correlation analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had significant and positive correlation with days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of bolls per plant, number of sympods per plant, boll weight (g), ginning outturn (%) and lint weight (g). Path coefficient analysis suggested that maximum contribution towards seed cotton yield is from lint weight (g), number of bolls per plant and boll weight (g). The genetic diversity analysis categorized 50 genotypes into five clusters. The Maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster II and cluster IV. The use of genotypes from cluster II and IV would be useful to generate desirable genetic variability. Total 50 SSR markers were used to study diversity among genotypes; 26 markers showed polymorphism with 65 alleles. The PIC value varied from 0.275 to 0.679. The dendogram was obtained from polymorphic marker using DARWIN software. Dendrogram showed that 50 genotypes were classified into five clusters. Cluster I contains 42 genotypes, cluster II and cluster V contains two genotypes each and cluster III contains three genotypes while, Reba B 50 was single genotype in cluster IV.