EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BUFFALO CALVES
| dc.contributor.advisor | NAGALAKSHMI, D(MAJOR) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | SRINIVASA RAO, D | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | KISHAN KUMAR, M | |
| dc.contributor.author | PARASHU RAMULU, S | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-11-28T11:23:29Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-11-28T11:23:29Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012-11 | |
| dc.description | THESES | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted with an aim to study effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation on nutrient utilization, growth performance and immune response in buffalo calves. The experiment was conducted in two phases i.e., in vitro and in vivo study in buffalo calves. During first phase graded doses (0 to 160 ppm) of zinc as ZnSO4.7H2O was supplemented to sorghum stover based complete diet and screened for in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro gas production technique. The in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and cellulose (IVCD) digestibilities increased gradually from 80 to 140 ppm, highest (P<0.01) digestibilities were observed at 140 ppm and further no improvement was observed at 160 ppm of Zn supplementation. Similarly, mean gas volume, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content in Zn supplemented diets were higher (P<0.01) compared to BD and increased (P<0.01) up to 140 ppm Zn concentration in a dose dependent manner and then decreased at 160 ppm. The above in vitro attributes at 140 ppm were comparable with that of 80, 100 and 120 ppm Zn addition. Based on these observations, 80 and 140 ppm Zn supplementation was selected for in vivo experimentation in buffalo calves. During second phase, eighteen buffalo calves with an average body weight of 125±2.5 kg were randomly allotted to 3 groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were viz., Basal diet (BD; 29.72 ppm Zn from feed ingredients), BD supplemented with 80 and 140 ppm Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O (22 % Zn). Calves were fed the respective diets at 3 per cent of body weight to meet the nutrient requirements (NRC, 2001) of dairy cattle except Zn throughout 120 days of feeding trial. A digestibility trial of 7 days was carried out after 60 days of feeding trial. Blood was collected at 60, 90 and 120 days of feeding trial to determine the serum mineral status and at 90 d for haematological and serum biochemical constituents. Further, for estimating antioxidant enzyme activity in haemolysate, again blood was collected after 110 days of feeding trial. The humoral immune response against Brucella abortus and chicken RBC was assessed by administering suitable doses of these antigens on 95th d with a booster dose after 15 days and response was measured by standard tube agglutination test (STAT), Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and direct haemagglutination test (DHA) respectively in serum collected at 8, 15, 22 and 29 d post sensitization. At the end of experiment, cell mediated immune (CMI) response was determined by in vivo delayed type hyper sensitivity (DTH) reaction against phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). No effect of Zn supplementation was observed on DM, organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose digestibilities while digestibilities of crude fibre (P<0.05), ether extract (P<0.01), acid detergent fibre (P<0.01) and cellulose (P<0.01) increased with either 80 or 140 ppm Zn supplementation. Cellulose digestibility was highest with 80 ppm (62.17 %) compared to 140 ppm Zn supplementation (57.28 %) and lowest in unsupplemented calves (53.73 %). No effect of Zn supplementation (80 and 140 ppm) was observed on plane of nutrition and nutritive value of diets. The calves grew linearly with an average daily gain of 582.9, 546.9 and 525.6 g on 0, 80 and 140 ppm Zn supplementation and corresponding average daily dry matter intake were 3.97, 3.90 and 3.71 kg, respectively. Supplementation of Zn had no effect on fortnightly body weight, dry matter intake, nutrient intake and efficiency of nutrient utilization. Similarly, Zn supplementation at either 80 or 140 ppm had no influence on haematological constituents analysed viz., haemoglobin, total erythrocyte and leucocytes count, packed cell volume, MCV, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. Alkaline phosphatase activity and globulin concentration in serum increased (P<0.05) with Zn supplementation, but no effect of dose of Zn supplementation was observed. While serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glucose and albumin:globulin ratio were not affected by Zn supplementation. Lipid peroxidation (μmol MDA/mg Hb) was higher (P≤0.05) in calves fed BD (3.46) and its levels reduced with Zn supplementation and lowest level was observed with 140 ppm Zn supplementation (2.36). The antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (μmole NADPH oxidized/g Hb/min) and glutathione reductase (μmol/mg Hb) activities were higher (P<0.01) in 140 ppm supplemented calves (35.34, 10.80, respectively) while RBC catalse activity (mmol/mg Hb) was higher (P<0.05) in 80 ppm supplemented calves (1.90) compared to those fed BD (1.19). Humoral immune response against Brucella abortus was higher (P<0.05) in Zn supplemented calves (8, 15, 22 and 29 d post sensitization) and highest response was observed with 140 ppm Zn supplementation. The HA titers against chicken RBC did not vary significantly with variation in dietary Zn supplementation. The DTH response against PHA-P was maximum at 24 h post inoculation and maximum response was observed with 140 ppm Zn supplementation and lowest in those fed BD. The study indicated that Zn supplied through practical feed ingredients in diet (29.72 ppm Zn) was sufficient for buffalo calves with an average daily gain of 500 g, while ether extract and fibre digestibility enhanced with 80 ppm Zn supplementation. Further higher Zn concentration i.e., 140 ppm Zn was required for higher antioxidant activities and immune responses in buffalo calves. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810084686 | |
| dc.keywords | BUFFALO CALVES;ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION;GROWTH PERFORMANCE;IMMUNE RESPONSE | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 151 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Animal Nutrition | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BUFFALO CALVES | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.V.Sc. | en_US |
| dc.title | EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BUFFALO CALVES | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |