TO STUDY THE SERUM MINERAL STATUS OF PUNGANUR CATTLE OF LRS, PALAMANER AND TO SUGGEST BALANCED MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION
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Date
2023-04
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study is undertaken to know the mineral profile of Punganur
cattle at LRS, Palamaner. Initially a preliminary study was conducted to know
the mineral profile of soil, water, feed, fodder and serum of Punganur cattle.
Macro minerals viz., Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Cl and micro minerals viz., Fe, Cu
and Zn were assessed. A mineral mixture was prepared based on serum mineral
analysis by selecting a total of 36 Punganur animals, twelve each from three
different categories viz., calves (3-4 months age), heifers (one year age) and
lactating cows. Mineral mixture supplementation was carried out for 90 days to
know the effect of mineral mixture on serum biochemical profile. Six
supplemented lactating cows were compared with six unsupplemented lactating
cows for lactation performance and nutrient utilisation.
Results indicated that the macro and micro mineral contents of soil were
higher than their respective critical levels. Feed and fodder were deficit in zinc
content and serum samples of Punganur cattle were deficit in calcium and zinc
levels in comparison to critical levels.
Supplementation of mineral mixture for 90 days showed significant
(p<0.01) increase in serum calcium (mg/dl) and zinc (µg/dl) levels of calves
(10.54 to 11.65 & 71.58 to 104.45), heifers (7.43 to 11.54 & 69.16 to 94.83) and
cows (7.15 to 9.80 & 40.14 to 96.12). Serum phosphorous (mg/dl) levels
increased significantly (p<0.01) in cows and no significant difference was
observed in calves and heifers. Serum magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine,
iron and zinc levels were not affected (p>0.05) with the supplementation of
mineral mixture in calves, heifers and cows.
Serum biochemical analysis upon mineral mixture supplementation
revealed a significant (p<0.01) decrease in serum glucose (mg/dl) in calves
(80.89 to 68.46), significant (p<0.01) increase in heifers (57.66 to 63.20) and
non-significant effect in cows (57.43 vs 55.59). BUN (mg/dl) levels increased in
calves (p<0.01), heifers (p<0.01) and cows (p>0.05). Serum creatinine (mg/dl)
levels decreased significantly (p<0.01) in calves and non-significantly (p>0.05)
in heifers and cows. The levels of SGPT (IU/L) showed a significant (p<0.01)
decrease in calves (31.58 to 26.33), heifers (28.37 to 20.07) and cows (37.78 to
13.73). The serum total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio and SGOT levels
remained unaffected (p>0.05) in calves, heifers and cows. Serum lipid profile
showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in triglyceride (mg/dl) levels in heifers
(58.46 to 70.58), cows (57.31 to 75.59) and no significant (p>0.05) difference in
calves (75.49 vs 74.84). There was no significant increase in serum cholesterol
levels of calves, heifers and cows. The HDL-C (mg/dl) levels increased in calves
(45.40 to 51.68; p<0.05), heifers (50.63 to 54.13; p<0.01) and cows (49.77 to
53.92; p<0.01). LDL-C (mg/dl) levels decreased in calves (56.27 to 43.28;
p<0.01) and cows (48.90 to 39.55; p<0.05) and VLDL-C (mg/dl) levels
increased in heifers (11.69 to 14.12; p<0.01) and cows (11.46 to 15.12; p<0.01).
However, supplementation of mineral mixture had no significant effect on LDL-
C levels in heifers and VLDL-C levels in calves. A significant increase (p<0.01)
was noticed in SOD (U/mg protein) and catalase (U/mg protein) activities upon
supplementation of mineral mixture in calves (22.70 to 67.17 and 1.77 to 2.79),
heifers (26.67 to 74.09 and 1.30 to 3.20) and cows (25.28 to 73.84 and 1.26 to
3.09). No significant effect was noticed in MDA concentration in calves, heifers
and cows with the supplementation of mineral mixture.
Supplementation of mineral mixture had no significant effect on milk
yield, 4% FCM, SNF per cent, fat yield, SNF yield and DMI per kg FCM.
However, A significant (p<0.05) increase in milk fat content in supplemented
group cows was noticed when compared to control. No significant effect was
noticed in digestibility (%) of crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ADF and
hemicellulose. However, a significant increase in digestibility (%) of dry matter
(p<0.01), organic matter (p<0.01), NFE (p<0.01), NDF (p<0.01) and cellulose
(p<0.05) was noticed in treatment group. No significant difference (p>0.05) in
CP intake (g/day), DCP intake (g/day), DMI (kg/day), DMI (% BW), TDN
intake (g/kg W0.75), CP intake (g/kg W0.75) and DCP intake (g/kg W0.75) was
observed between control and treatment groups. However, a significant (p<0.01)
increase was noticed in TDN intake (kg/day) and TDN (% DM) in mineral
mixture supplemented group compared to control.
Based on the overall results of the study, it was concluded that
supplementation of deficit minerals in the form of mineral mixture has positive
effect on mineral status, health and nutrient utilisation of Punganur cattle.