EFFECT OF MANGO SEED KERNEL AND RAMIE FODDER ON IN-VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION, METHANE PRODUCTION AND RUMEN MICROBIAL PROFILE
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Date
2023
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Publisher
ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL
Abstract
It is essential to investigate novel approaches to decrease greenhouse gas emissions
from ruminants in order to support livestock production and mitigate global warming. This
study was conducted in 3 phase in-vitro trials to examine the effect of Ramie fodder
(replaced by berseem at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50 % level), Mango Seed Kernel (1%, 3%,
5%, 7% and 10% level) and combination of best two levels of Ramie fodder with various
levels of MSK under in-vitro condition. Total mix ration (TMR) with 60% roughage and
40% concentrate mixture was formulated as control group. In phase 1st results revealed that
total gas production, methane production, In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and Invitro
organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) decreased continuously with increased level of
replacement, as compare to control group. However, a maximum reduction 12.7% and
14.95% in methane was seen at 40% and 50% replacement respectively. Based on the
overall results of in-vitro studies, 40% and 50% inclusion level of Ramie fodder was selected
for further combinations studies. In 2nd phase on addition of mango seed kernel (MSK) in
TMR, total gas production and methane production decreased with increased level of MSK.
The mean value of IVDMD and IVOMD reduced significantly (p <0.05) at 10% level. Phase
3rd trial was conducted to study the combination effect of Ramie fodder with MSK (40%
Ramie+1/3/5/7/10% MSK and 50% Ramie+1/3/5/7/10% MSK) the results revealed that
40% Ramie+various levels of MSK, induced significant (P<0.05) reduction in methane
production in all treatment groups as compare to control group. However, the maximum
methane reduction (27.64%) was seen at 40% Ramie+10% MSK. The combination of 50%
Ramie+various levels of MSK, reduced total gas and methane production in all treatment
groups, and maximum methane reduction (36.74%) was seen at 40% Ramie+10% MSK.
Total gas production reduced significantly (P<0.05) at 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% MSK+
40%/50% Ramie. IVDMD reduced significantly at 7% and 10% MSK + 40%/50% Ramie
whereas, in IVOMD significant (P<0.05) reduction was seen at 10% MSK + 40%/50%
Ramie. The activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and acetly esterase reduced significantly
(p <0.05) at 7% and 10% MSK+40%/50% Ramie. The population of methanogens reduced
significantly (p <0.05) for all treatment groups of combination compared to control group,
whereas the population of total fibrolytic bacteria reduced significantly (p < 0.05) at 7% and
10% MSK+50% Ramie. Protozoal population reduced significantly (p < 0.05) at 3% , 5%
and 7% MSK+50% Ramie, as compared to control group. Therefore, it can be concluded
that the of 5% MSK in combination with 50% Ramie fodder offers a highly effective
strategy for reducing enteric methane emissions by 35.99%, while maintaining key rumen
physiological parameters under in-vitro condition.