Biochemical and molecular characterization of wheat genotypes for resistance against aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)
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Date
2023-04-05
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
The present studies entitled “Biochemical and molecular characterization of wheat genotypes for resistance
against aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)” were carried out at field and lab facilities of the Crop Protection
Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana from 2018-19 to 2020-21
Rabi cropping seasons. Most of the wheat varieties and wild genotypes were found to be either resistant or
moderately resistant whereas none of the varieties and wild genotypes were found to be immune against
aphid infestation. The susceptible check A-9-30-1 was most preferred by the aphids for survival whereas the
varieties viz., DBW 90, DBW 187, DBW 303, WH 283, WH 1080, WH 1105 were found to be resistant with
high nymphal mortality. Similarly, among the wild genotypes, the genotype 13993 was found to be most
suitable for aphid survival whereas the genotype 3590 was highly resistant having increased nymphal
duration, low fecundity and high mortality. The varieties viz., DBW 187 and WH 1105 were highly tolerant
to aphid infestation with minimum reduction in seedling length and weight over control whereas A-9-30-1
was least tolerant. Similarly, in case of wild genotypes, the genotype 3590 had shown highest tolerance to
aphid infestation while the genotypes PI 604172 and 13762 were least tolerant. In case of varieties, the
highest alatae formation was observed in the genotype DBW 303 whereas lowest in the genotype A-9-30-1
while among the wild genotypes, the highest was observed in the genotype 3590 whereas lowest was noticed
in the genotype 13993. Aphid infestation exhibited a significant increase in the total phenolics (TP), total
proline (TPC), tannins, chlorophyll, phenlyalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO),
glutathione reductase (GR), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate
Peroxidase (APX) content whereas non-significant change in total soluble protein (TSP) and total soluble
sugar (TSS) content in the developing flag leaves as compared to the controlled conditions in both varieties
and wild genotypes. Aphid nymphal mortality had significant positive correlation with TP, TPC, tannins,
PAL, PPO, GR, H2O2, CAT, POX and APX content whereas negative correlation with TSP, TSS and
chlorophyll content. AMOVA revealed that difference between Triticum spp and Aegilops spp was around
37 per cent of the total variation contributed by the whole germplasm. However, 63 per cent variation was
attributed to diversity between individuals within a group. STRUCTURE analysis conceded the presence of
four major sub-groups in the populations whereas two genotypes (UP 2425 and wild genotype 13993) were
considered as admixtures. Out of the total significant MTAs identified, 22 MTAs were common during both
the cropping seasons i.e., 2018-19 and 2019-20 and with the annotation of the markers from identified
significant MTAs with genes, these can be employed with resistance breeding programs in wheat.