STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN DRY TEMPERATE REGIONS OF NORTH WESTERN HIMALAYAS

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dc.contributor.advisorBHARDWAJ, D.R.
dc.contributor.authorSALVE, ANAND
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-20T07:09:13Z
dc.date.available2018-05-20T07:09:13Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT The present study entitled “Structure and function of agroforestry systems in dry temperate regions of north western Himalayas” was carried out during 2014-2015. The three experimental sites were selected randomly from district Kinnaur and stratified in two climatic conditions viz., C1 (Dry temperate high hills) and C2 (High hills temperate dry and cold). Three agroforestry systems viz., agrihorticulture, agrisilvicultural and agrihortisilvicultural were selected, which were common in both climatic conditions. The plot size 10×10 m for trees, 05×05 m for shrubs, 0.5×0.5 m for grasses and 1×1 m for herbs and crops were used for enumeration of floral diversity, vegetation biomass and nutrient stock. For soil analysis samples were collected at two different depths i.e. 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and samples analyzed for the bulk density, partical density, pore space percentage, pH, OC, total N, extractable P, available K, exchangeable Ca and Mg. The data regarding economics of each land use systems were collected by personal interviews with the farmers of agroforestry systems which were selected for study. The study revealed that herbage density and basal area was found to be maximum in agrihortisilviculture land use system (698.66 tillers m-2) and (305.39 cm2 m-2), respectively. Shannon Weiner index (H') of vegetation was found to be maximum (2.26) for agrisilviculture system whereas, Simpson Diversity Index (0.22) displayed maximum value in agrihorticulture system. The maximum value of aboveground biomass (97.31 t ha-1), belowground biomass (28.88 t ha-1) and total biomass (126.19 t ha-1) was recorded in agrisilviculture system. The maximum stock of total N (480.14 Kg ha-1), P (99.45 Kg ha-1), K (768.52 Kg ha-1) and Ca (579.00 Kg ha-1) in whole vegetation was found in AS system. The maximum P (17.96 Kg ha-1 yr-1), K (147.46Kg ha-1 yr-1), and Ca (114.03 Kg ha-1 yr-1) uptake by vegetation was observed in AH system whereas maximum but similar maximum amount of total N (104.58 Kg ha-1 yr-1) uptake was found in AH and AS system. Maximum addition of all nutrients by different sources was observed in AH system. The maximum annual turnover of P (5.72%), K (31.47%), and Ca (5.34%) percentage under soil pool was recorded in AH system, while maximum annual turnover of N (1.86%) percentage under soil pool was reported AS system. Under the physical properties, reverse trend was observed for bulk density. Maximum bulk density (1.47 g cm-3) was recorded at 15-30 cm depth whereas minimum bulk density (1.20 g cm-3) observed at 0-15 cm depth. Partical density (2.49 g cm-3) was higher in agrihorticulture system. The pore space (46.99%) percent was significantly higher in agrisilviculture system. Partical density (2.48 g cm-3) was significantly higher at 0-15 cm depth. The pore space (48.90%) percent was significantly higher at surface soil. Chemical parameters were found decreasing with increasing of soil depth. Organic carbon (1.26%) was significantly higher in agrihortisilviculture system. Organic carbon (1.26%) was significantly higher at 0-15cm depth in high hills temperate dry and cold C2 climatic condition. Similarly exchangeable Ca (5.52 mg/100g) was significantly higher in AHS system. Exchangeable calcium (6.03 mg/100g) was significantly higher at 0-15cm depth. Most of the soil samples were alkaline property. Maximum soil pH (8.21) was recorded in high hills temperate dry and cold C2 climatic condition which was significantly differ with C1 climatic condition. Deep soil layer (15-30cm) showed maximum pH. N (0.25%), P (0.97 mg/100g) and K (1.69 mg/100g) was significantly higher at upper (0-15cm) layer of soil. Study revealed that maximum expenses were and maximum gross return incur in the agrihorticulture (Rs 774526.32 and Rs. 2065230.07) system whereas, higher net returns, (Rs 1648322.21) was generated by AHS system. Benefit: Cost ratio under above study was recorded for agrisilviculture system (5.87).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810046805
dc.keywordsStructure and function of agroforestry systems in dry temperate regions of north western Himalayasen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages179+XLIXen_US
dc.publisherUHF,NAUNIen_US
dc.subSilviculture and Agroforestryen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeStructure and function of agroforestry systems in dry temperate regions of north western Himalayasen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN DRY TEMPERATE REGIONS OF NORTH WESTERN HIMALAYASen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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