INDUCED DEFENSE AGAINST CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV) DISEASE IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)
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2019-02-05
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Abstract
Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), considered as a most important virus disease
infecting chilli (C. annuum L.). Among 111 chilli hybrids/varieties/germplasm evaluated
against CMV both under greenhouse and field conditions, AVPP 0906, AVPP 1110,
Aparna, Susanjoy, Phule Jyothi and Tumkur local showed highly resistant (HR) reaction
with no disease symptoms. CMV inoculated chilli reacted positively for CMV specific
antisera through DAS-ELISA and it was confirmed by RT-PCR (~600bp). Different
biotic defense inducers viz., red seaweed extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex
P.C.Silva), plant extracts (Mirabilis jalapa L. and Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.),
biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and synthetic
nucleoside, chitosan and virex-H were tested for their efficacy on CMV infection in
susceptible chilli var. Pusa jwala. Among them, highest reduction of CMV infection was
recorded at 0.1 per cent chitosan (78.28%) sprayed plants followed by 0.4 per cent K.
alvarezii (72.84%) and 0.25 per cent synthetic nucleoside (72.31%) and found
significantly superior over untreated control under greenhouse conditions. CMV
inoculated chilli plants primed with chitosan (0.1%) showed enhanced defense enzyme
activities i e., 1.48 fold increase in PO, 1.68 fold in PPO, 1.22 fold in PAL, 1.60 fold in
total phenol and 1.33 fold in chlorophyll content and increased accumulation of
Phytohormones such as SA (156535.32 ng.g-1FW), ABA (54.78 ng.g -1FW), IBA (2.18
ng.g-1FW), zeatin trans isomer (46.83 ng.g-1 FW), GA3 (9.70 ng.g-1 FW), GA4
(723.31ng.g-1FW) and GA7 (0.19 ng.g-1FW) followed by K. alvarezii, P. fluorescens and
synthetic nucleoside compared with untreated control. Significantly less PDI (35.29 %)
and AUDPC (1238.33) was recorded in plants treated with Chitosan (0.1%) with
increased plant height (49.19cm), number of branches (19.52), number of fruits per plant
(187.87), individual fruit weight(2.44g), fresh fruit yield (483.56g.plant-1), fresh weight
(4.59t.ha-1), dry weight (1.38t.ha-1) during Kharif 2016-17 and Kharif 2017-18 under field
conditions.