Studies on occurrence of antibiotic residues in migratory goat milk and its public health significance
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Date
2023-01-05
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CSK HPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The present study was designed with the aim to evaluate physicochemical parameters,
bacteriological quality, detection of antibiotic residues in migratory goat milk and their
public health significance. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of nomadic
pastoralists toward usage of antibiotics was assessed using a cross-sectional survey. A
total of 223 raw migratory goat milk samples were collected from various migratory
routes of nomadic pastoralists. The samples were analysed for their physical and
chemical composition. The physical parameters evaluated were colour and odour. All
of the samples had acceptable white colour and were without off-odour. The samples
were analysed for chemical composition viz. fat %, solids-not-fat %, total solids %,
lactose % and protein % and the mean values were 6.95 ± 2.49 %, 8.63 ± 1.85 %, 15.58
± 3.22 %, 4.53 ± 0.96 % and 3.71 ± 0.78 %, respectively. In bacteriological examination
of samples, 16.14 % (36/223) samples were found to be exceeding established limits.
Coliforms were found in 5.8 % (13/223) samples, while 2.24 % (5/223) were found
positive for E. coli on the basis of cultural, morphological, and biochemical
characterization. For detection of antibiotics in milk samples using the High performance liquid chromatography – Diode Array Detection, the methods were optimised and validated as per European commission decision EC/657/2002. Using
QuEChERS methodology, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were extracted from goat
milk and were found in 6.73 % (15/223) and 1.35 % (3/223) samples, respectively.
Using SPE approach, the antibiotics targeted were amoxicillin, penicillin-G and
enrofloxacin. It was noticed that 0.89 % (2/223), 2.24 % (5/223) and 1.79 % (4/223)
samples were found to contain amoxicillin, penicillin-G and enrofloxacin, respectively.
Overall 13.0 % (29/223) samples were found containing antibiotic residues while 7.6 %
(17/223) samples contained antibiotic residues above maximum residual limits. The
health risk assessment of detected antibiotics in milk revealed that hazard index is < 1.
This indicates consumption of milk containing antibiotic residues has minimum health
risk to consumers in Himachal Pradesh. A total of 171 nomadic pastoralists participated
in the survey. As per KAP survey, 25.2 % of respondents were having good knowledge,
50.8 % were found to be having average knowledge and 23.9 % respondents had poor
knowledge about antibiotic use in animal husbandry practices. KAP study also revealed
that 19.3 % respondents had good attitude, 71.9 % had moderate and 8.8 % had poor
attitude towards antibiotic use. The respondents with good, average, and poor practices
related to antibiotic use were 11.7 %, 70.2 % and 18.1 %, respectively. The overall
result of present study indicates the fairly good practices by nomadic pastoralists for
production of milk and limited use of antibiotics in animals, indicating better quality of
migratory goat milk produced in Himachal Pradesh. However, there is a need to
continuously monitor the antibiotic residue in animal sourced food to safeguard human
health along with regular education on antibiotics for nomadic pastoralists to increase
their awareness on food safety aspects.