Combining ability and heterosis studies for various qualitative and quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
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Date
2018-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during Rabi 2017-2018 at Norman E.Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The experiment comprised of 17 parental genotypes (14 lines, 3 testers) and 42 F1 hybrids, obtained after crossing in a line × tester fashion with the objective to study genetic variability parameters, combining ability, gene action, and heterosis for various qualitative and quantitative traits. The experimental was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and observations were recorded on fifteen characters namely, days to 75% heading, days to maturity, number of effective tillers per plant, peduncle length, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index, hectolitre weight and phenol colour reaction. Results revealed that the differences among genotypes were highly significant for all the characters. Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. The magnitude of PCV and GCV was highest in case of phenol colour reaction by 32.023 and 29.777% , respectively. The relative estimates of variance due to SCA were higher than the variance due to GCA for most of the traits studied indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action. HUW 640 can be marked as the best parent as it combined well for the highest number of quantitative characters followed by HPW 381 and CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/MISR2 EGY*2/4/.. Best specific crosses based on highest SCA effects in desirable direction were HUW 640 × UP 2565, KAUZ/ALTAR84/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES × UP 2785, HI 1579 × UP 2785, CPAN 3061× UP 2785, HPW 381 × UP 2785, CHYAK/VILLA JUAREZ F 2009 × UP 2565, KAUZ/ALTAR84/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES × UP 2572, HI 1579 × UP 2565, HPW 381 × UP 2565, HI 1579 × UP 2572, CPAN 3061× UP 2785, HI 1579 × UP 2565, HUW 640 × UP 2565 and PBW 692 × UP 2785 for days to 75% heading, days to maturity, number of tillers per plant, peduncle length, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index, hectolitre weight and phenol colour reaction, respectively. The best heterotic crosses for grain yield per plant were CPAN 3061 × UP 2785 and KAUZ/ALTAR84/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES × UP 2785 on the basis of high estimates of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, respectively and could be used in further breeding programmes.
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