LAND AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN OF KVK DURG (PAHANDA)
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Date
2020
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
Abstract
To feed every mouth with nutritious food can only be possible because of the agriculture which also plays an important role in the country’s economy and is mainly dependent upon soil/land and water. water is key natural resource not only for the all forms of agriculture but also for human survival with economic importance. Any kind of agriculture without above elements is not sounding to be possible easily. The KVKs in India are designate for Technology assessment, refinement and demonstration of technology/ products, On-farm testing to identify the location specificity of agricultural technologies under various farming systems with frontline demonstrations to establish its production potentials on the farmers’ fields. One such attempt is therefore made in this study to focus on developing land and water resources in a holistic manner at one such KVK which can be demonstrated to the farmers of the area under the jurisdiction of that KVK.
Considering the importance of KVKs the Krishi Vigyan Kendra Durg (Pahanda) Chhattisgarh has been selected as study area. Chhattisgarh, is one of best agriculture-based state of the Indian Union came into existence on November 1, 2000 and known as “Dhan ka Katora”. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra Durg-II (Pahanda) is situated at village Pahanda, Block Patan in Dist. Durg, Chhattisgarh and is located between 21°11´20´´N - 21°11´36´´N and 81°32´27´´E - 81°31´54´´E and covers 52.25 acre of land available for agriculture.
Existing land slope map , DEM map, contour map, Drainage map have been collected with various software i.e. Google Earth pro, GPS, and QGIS (Version 3.14.0). Using latitude, longitude and altitude values points under study area has been recognized after precised survey. The rainfall, Temperature, wind velocity, humidity, sunshine hours and ET has been collected form CHRMS and Climate .Durg.org. The average value of all above as per the current cropping pattern has also been computed with the help of Cropwat model with support of climwat.
As per all the above researchers, it is essential to work on suitable land configuration for proper growth and development of crops especially pulses and cereals in C.G.. So here in study area where the soil is silty clay or clay loam for a suitable land combination of furrow with tied ridges has been selected for sowing by dibbling of pure organic seeds in strictly pure organic cultural practices.
In the present study area, rainfall data and number of rainy days of past 30 years (1999 - 2019) has been collected and analyzed. The results shows that the study area receives an average annual rainfall of around 1300 mm and the contribution of monsoon rainfall is 110 mm which is received during the period from June to October with rainfall intensity 3.03 mm-hr-1 . The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in December i.e. 27.24 °C in day with highest in may maximum in 41.55°C in day .
The average bulk density of the soil of KVK is 1.50 mg-m-3 and particle density of the soil of KVK is around 2.50 mg-m-3 Similarly soil has good porosity which is 45.31 % on average. The Percentage of sand, silt and clay has been around 32, 28,48 respectively and the ave soil texture was found silty clay loam and The result shows that average pH of the soil 7.32 and EC of the soil of KVK is around 0.24. Similarly soil has good Potassium level which is 346.73 on average and very low value of Phosphorous 6.54 on average. As per the topography of study area the slope is of class III i.e.1.54 %.
The average runoff of study area is found to be 1001.7 mm against 1319.20 mm of average rainfall. The highest runoff found in month of July followed by August i.e. 334.50 mm and 277.04 mm respectively. The lowest runoff is 0.11mm in January and peak discharge rate found is 0.85 m3-hr-1.
Average pre-monsoon and post- monsoon Ground water level in study area as observed through 4 borewells of the study area were measured as 8.21 m and 5.18 m respectively with the discharge of 4.0 to 6.64 lps. The average pre and post monsoon water level of all active bore well is around 5 m. Estimated Ground water draft For Kharif season Irrigation draft is 0.829 Mm3 and For Rabi 0.622 Mm3 with total Draft 0.615 Mm3 . The Recharge of Ground Water through Rainfall Infiltration, from tank or ponds, irrigation and due to unlined drain found 0.202 m3, 4004 m3 , 25.6 m3and 1.230 Mm3 respectively.
On the basis of current cropping pattern paddy consider as main crop because of higher percentage occupied i.e. 38% followed by pulses and vegetable i.e. 4 % and 3 % respectively. According to the existing cropping patterns the current irrigation requirement is 983.7 m3 day-1 .
After the study the following points were consider as major problem occurring in KVK which restrict the sustainable and judicious use of land and water resources under KVK.
The KVK is growing various crop but in maximum area paddy is going to be cultivated by broadcasting and transplanting method, which requires higher amount of irrigation.The current establishment pattern for pulses is direct seeding. Apart from that the KVK has two existing ponds Pond 01 and Pond 02, in both the ponds the inlet of pond is higher in elevation then the out let i.e. 285.805 and 285.050 for Pond 01 and 283.945 280.835 for Pond 02. The seepage losses is comparatively higher due to unlined pond surface apart from that there is also absence of adequate sealing of soil surface and trench cutting which reduces the slippage of dike. As a result minimum water is available in pond ass stored water for the Rabi seasons. As per the received surface runoff i.e. 1046.52 mm is more which is flowing from upland area of KVK i.e.Block 01 contributes higher runoff and due to that water logging occurs in the area and damages the crop and ultimately reduces the production of crop. Due to the above runoff around 0.60 m of water get ponded over the pond 01. It can be used as surplus for the Rabi season. In the current situation the water storage in the pond is only around 20% of its actual which is very less due to the improper elevation of inlet and outlet, seepage losses and absence of head control structure.
Considering the above facts in mind the provision of Modified Monk as head control structure with water lifting device the extra low head high discharge pump with cutoff trenches and poly lining of pond with proper sealant is proposed for existing structure has been proposed for the KVK.
Performance of Kharif pigeon pea with organic inputs in selected land configuration tied ridge and furrow was tested successfully. The yield advantage of 28.57% over direct seeded pigeon pea and 95.65% over broadcasted pigeon pea. A short duration variety TGT- 501, has been cultivated in 0.35ha with seed rate for pigeon pea is 15 kg/ha with dibbling. 18 Rows were formed with the spacing of 60cm between each and seeds were planted in 15 cm distance.The total production in 0.35 ha is about 4.49 qt and projected Total production in 01 ha is about 12.82qt/ha.
Description
LAND AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN OF KVK DURG (PAHANDA)