Genetic analyses of seed yield and its contributing traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.)
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Date
2023
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Abstract
The present investigation entitled "Genetic analyses of seed yield and its
contributing traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]" was
carried out at Oilseed Research Farm, Kanpur during rabi 2021-23 with 28 treatments
[21 F1s and 7 parents (NRCDR-2, Maya, PR-21, Pusa Mustard-30, Giriraj, RH-725 and
RH-749)] following half diallel cross analysis in 3 replications laid out in randomized
block design. Observations were made on 12 quantitative characters namely days to
50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm),
number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant,
number of siliquae per main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per
siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) during the
course of investigation.
Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among all the
genotypes for all twelve characters. The magnitude of GCV and PCV was observed
highest for length of main raceme and 1000-seed weight respectively. Mean degree of
dominance revealed partial dominance for plant height, number of primary branches,
length of main raceme, number of seeds per siliqua and 1000-seed weight. For most of
the characters magnitude of dominance components was higher than the additive
component except plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of
secondary branches per plant, length of main raceme, number of seeds per siliqua
and1000-seed weight.
The parents Maya, Pusa Mustard -30 and NRCDR-2 were good general
combiners for number of characters. The crosses Maya x PR-21 and Maya x Giriraj
were the best specific combiners for seed yield per plant. Hybrids Maya x RH-749 and
Maya x PR-21 showed high heterosis over both better and economic parent for seed
yield per plant.
Very high estimates of broad sense heritability were recorded for number of
siliquae per plant and oil content. The highest estimates of genetic advance percent of
mean were recorded for length of main raceme. Seed yield per plant showed significant
positive correlation coefficient values with number of primary branches per plant,
number of secondary branches per plant, length of main raceme, number of siliquae
per main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed
weight and oil content at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. The path coefficient
analysis revealed that positive direct effect on seed yield was showed by number of
secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per main raceme and number of seeds
per siliqua at genotypic level and phenotypic level.