Genetic studies on quality associated traits and molecular characterization of protein content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
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Date
2020-09
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an annual legume crop and its plays an important part in the total pulse production in the world. Chickpea is the major source for protein and serves as the unequivocal component in food and nutritional security. The present investigation was carried out at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research centre Pantnagar during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20, evaluated with 6 parents and 15 F1s in half diallel design. The objective was to study the gene action, combining ability, heritability of agronomic traits, to study the genetic parameters of protein content and other quality associated traits, to study the effect of associated traits on protein content and to evaluate/characterize the molecular markers for the major quality traits. Mean squares due to genotype were highly significant for all the traits except seed per pod and harvest index. Non additive gene action is found to be predominant, even most of the traits are having for both additive and non additive gene effects. Important yield attributes like number of primary branches has profound additive gene action where, number of secondary branches, pods per plant has profound non additive gene action. Quality attributes like protein content is showing predominant additive gene effect with h2 (0.6). 100 seed weight is an important for both yield and quality aspect.100 seed weight showed profound additive effect. PKG 2, a kabuli type and PG 3 were having significant GCA for 100 seed weight. T 39-1 and T 39-1A were having significant GCA for protein content. The genetic analysis of protein content using two diallel panels viz 6x6 and 5x5 by both Hayman’s and Griffing’s approach revealed the genotype T 39-1A was an interacting parent, which incurs the overestimate of dominance gene effect. Thus, utilization of that parent in improvement for protein content is not preferable. The effects of the protein content by other associated traits are analyzed. Protein content is found to negatively correlated with grain yield (r = - 0.69). 100 seed weight is found to be negatively correlated with protein content (r = - 0.49). The dominance effect of different seed shape was determined on the basis of crosses between angular, Owlhead and globular types. Globular/ round types are found to be recessive over angular type. Similarly, angular are found to dominant over Owlhead types. The varying dominance effect may be due to the presence of multiple alleles in the respective loci. The relationship between seed shape and seed protein content is positively correlated. Round type seeds are found to have high protein than the others. Other agronomic traits like number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, and angle between extreme branches are found to be positively correlated with protein content. SSR marker based evaluation of the genotypes showed the markers CaM1068 and H2B061 associated with protein content and markers TA130 and H1C092 were found to represent the 100 seed weight appropriately. TR26, a marker reported to be associated with protein content found to be monomorphic on high and low protein genotypes. The unique band of the marker CaM1068 of size 200bp found to be present in two high protein genotypes T 39-1 and T 39-1A. The marker based dissimilarity analysis was carried out. Genotypes are clustered into two groups, one with cultivated types and other has two high protein breeding lines. Among the cluster with cultivated types, PKG 2 was found to be dissimilar than others. PG 3 and PG 4 are more similar where PG 5 and PG 170 are more similar to each other.