Characterization and evaluation of advanced breeding lines of lowland rice with respect to agro-morphological traits
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Date
2018
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College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Imphal
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food source for more than a third of the world’s population. There is an urgent need of developing HYVs to increase rice productivity in India as well as North Eastern Hill Region. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate twenty four breeding line of rice with respect to performance, variability, heritability, character association and genetic divergence of sixteen qualitative characters and sixteen quantitative characters. The experiment was laid out at CPGS Campus, Umiam, Meghalaya in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif season, 2017. Visual observations were recorded on five plant basis as per standard descriptors on sixteen qualitative characters viz., basal leaf sheath color, leaf auricle, leaf ligule, ligule shape, leaf collar, flag leaf: attitude of blade, leaf sheath anthocyanin colouration, leaf blade: anthocyanin, panicle secondary branch, leaf senescence, spikelet: color of tip of lemma, panicle: exsertion, panicle: awns and lemma: anthocyanin coloration of area below apex. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height, tillers per plant, panicle per plant, panicle length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area index, canopy temperature, biological yield, spikelet per plant, no. of grains per plant, spikelet fertility (SF), harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied except leaf width and harvest index. The characters viz., days to 50% flowering, leaf length, leaf width exhibited high heritability and panicle per plant, canopy temperature, spikelet per plant, no. of grains per plant, spikelet fertility, harvest index, and yield per hectare exhibited medium heritability. Character association studies revealed significant and positive association of grain yield per plant with tillers per plant, panicle per plant, no. of grains per plant, spikelet fertility. Therefore, these characters could be used as criteria for selection of genotypes with high seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed highest direct effect on grain yield for number of grains per panicles and 1000 grains weight.1000 grains weight exhibited strong positive direct effect on seed yield, however, it contributed negatively seed yield through number of grains per panicle. Based on 16 quantitative character and 16 qualitative character Euclidean distance was calculated between each set of progeny and the two checks. The maximum distance was observed between CAUS122 and CAUS110 and minimum distance was observed between CAUS120 AND CAUS106. Clustering analysis led to the grouping of lines into 2 major groups. Both the checks were grouped in second cluster which was further dividing in 3 sub-clusters. Based on per se performance with respect to yield components, blast resistance and divergence, CAUS105, CAUS104, CAUS107, CAUS121 were identified as the best progenies that could be nominated for multilocation trials, or used as parents for further population improvement.