SURVEY ON PESTICIDES USAGE, MONITORING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND DECONTAMINATION METHODS IN CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea L.)
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Date
2015
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PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The survey on pesticide use pattern was carried out by interviewing farmers
growing cauliflower in fields based on the questionnaire prepared to assess their
knowledge and practices on crop cultivation, general awareness on pesticide
recommendations and use. Based on the monitoring results of the market samples,
studies were undertaken to establish decontamination methods of commonly used
insecticides at recommended dose in field situations to assess the differences in rate of
decontamination of pesticide. The pesticides viz., triazophos, cypermethrin and
quinalphos recommendation which were prominent in the market samples were sprayed
and cauliflower samples collected at zero days and analyzed for residues. Various
decontamination methods were evaluated to assess the efficiency of method for removal
of pesticide residues from cauliflower for food safety.
Education levels of farmers is very less, where 36.25% farmers are illiterate.
Majority of the farmers (41.25%) grow 1 acre and 2 acres (37.5%). Majority of farmers
(92.5%) grow the crop in rabi season followed by kharif season (43.75%). Information
on pesticide related issues indicates that 33.75% farmers know about recommended
pesticides. However, in general, half of the farmers (82.5%) contact pesticide dealer for
recommendations and some farmers prefer to contact agricultural officers. Most farmers
are unaware about pesticide classification and toxicity symbols on packing. Farmers are
aware about endosulfan ban, but only 16.25% farmers know about ban of
monocrotophos on vegetables. Very few farmers know about pesticide residues and
related issues, but know washing helps to reduce contamination. Among the
respondents 82.25% of farmers observed pesticide effects on the health of spray
workers during the spray. More common health problems observed during spray
includes bad odour (85%), skin irritatation (41.25%), eye irritation (22.5%), headache
(23.75%) and breathlessness (11.25%).
The cauliflower samples were collected from three different local vegetable
markets viz., Shamshabad, Mehadipatnam and Gudimalkapur in and around hyderabad
and analyzed for residues following the validated QuEChERS method. The results
revealed that, monitoring samples of cauliflower contained around 11 pesticide residues
namely, chloropyrifos, profenophos, cypermethrin, acephate, ethion, methylparathion,
carbendazim, triazophos and quinalphos. Frequently observed pesticides found in the 3
markets samples were triazophos, cypermethrin, and quinalphos. Based on the results,
frequently detected pesticides i.e., triazophos, cypermethrin and quinalphos were
analysed for further decontamination studies. For this purpose crop has been raised in
the student farm as per good agricultural practices of PJTSAU.
Among various decontamination methods tested, hot water treatment was
found to be very effective in removing pesticide residues to an extent of 50-65%
chloropyrifos followed by common methods i.e., 2% salt solution wash is also effective
method in removing residues in the range of 40-60%, acetic acid solution removed
pesticides in the range of 35-55% and tap water in the range of 13-55The survey on pesticide use pattern was carried out by interviewing farmers
growing cauliflower in fields based on the questionnaire prepared to assess their
knowledge and practices on crop cultivation, general awareness on pesticide
recommendations and use. Based on the monitoring results of the market samples,
studies were undertaken to establish decontamination methods of commonly used
insecticides at recommended dose in field situations to assess the differences in rate of
decontamination of pesticide. The pesticides viz., triazophos, cypermethrin and
quinalphos recommendation which were prominent in the market samples were sprayed
and cauliflower samples collected at zero days and analyzed for residues. Various
decontamination methods were evaluated to assess the efficiency of method for removal
of pesticide residues from cauliflower for food safety.
Education levels of farmers is very less, where 36.25% farmers are illiterate.
Majority of the farmers (41.25%) grow 1 acre and 2 acres (37.5%). Majority of farmers
(92.5%) grow the crop in rabi season followed by kharif season (43.75%). Information
on pesticide related issues indicates that 33.75% farmers know about recommended
pesticides. However, in general, half of the farmers (82.5%) contact pesticide dealer for
recommendations and some farmers prefer to contact agricultural officers. Most farmers
are unaware about pesticide classification and toxicity symbols on packing. Farmers are
aware about endosulfan ban, but only 16.25% farmers know about ban of
monocrotophos on vegetables. Very few farmers know about pesticide residues and
related issues, but know washing helps to reduce contamination. Among the
respondents 82.25% of farmers observed pesticide effects on the health of spray
workers during the spray. More common health problems observed during spray
includes bad odour (85%), skin irritatation (41.25%), eye irritation (22.5%), headache
(23.75%) and breathlessness (11.25%).
The cauliflower samples were collected from three different local vegetable
markets viz., Shamshabad, Mehadipatnam and Gudimalkapur in and around hyderabad
and analyzed for residues following the validated QuEChERS method. The results
revealed that, monitoring samples of cauliflower contained around 11 pesticide residues
namely, chloropyrifos, profenophos, cypermethrin, acephate, ethion, methylparathion,
carbendazim, triazophos and quinalphos. Frequently observed pesticides found in the 3
markets samples were triazophos, cypermethrin, and quinalphos. Based on the results,
frequently detected pesticides i.e., triazophos, cypermethrin and quinalphos were
analysed for further decontamination studies. For this purpose crop has been raised in
the student farm as per good agricultural practices of PJTSAU.
Among various decontamination methods tested, hot water treatment was
found to be very effective in removing pesticide residues to an extent of 50-65%
chloropyrifos followed by common methods i.e., 2% salt solution wash is also effective
method in removing residues in the range of 40-60%, acetic acid solution removed
pesticides in the range of 35-55% and tap water in the range of 13-55The survey on pesticide use pattern was carried out by interviewing farmers
growing cauliflower in fields based on the questionnaire prepared to assess their
knowledge and practices on crop cultivation, general awareness on pesticide
recommendations and use. Based on the monitoring results of the market samples,
studies were undertaken to establish decontamination methods of commonly used
insecticides at recommended dose in field situations to assess the differences in rate of
decontamination of pesticide. The pesticides viz., triazophos, cypermethrin and
quinalphos recommendation which were prominent in the market samples were sprayed
and cauliflower samples collected at zero days and analyzed for residues. Various
decontamination methods were evaluated to assess the efficiency of method for removal
of pesticide residues from cauliflower for food safety.
Education levels of farmers is very less, where 36.25% farmers are illiterate.
Majority of the farmers (41.25%) grow 1 acre and 2 acres (37.5%). Majority of farmers
(92.5%) grow the crop in rabi season followed by kharif season (43.75%). Information
on pesticide related issues indicates that 33.75% farmers know about recommended
pesticides. However, in general, half of the farmers (82.5%) contact pesticide dealer for
recommendations and some farmers prefer to contact agricultural officers. Most farmers
are unaware about pesticide classification and toxicity symbols on packing. Farmers are
aware about endosulfan ban, but only 16.25% farmers know about ban of
monocrotophos on vegetables. Very few farmers know about pesticide residues and
related issues, but know washing helps to reduce contamination. Among the
respondents 82.25% of farmers observed pesticide effects on the health of spray
workers during the spray. More common health problems observed during spray
includes bad odour (85%), skin irritatation (41.25%), eye irritation (22.5%), headache
(23.75%) and breathlessness (11.25%).
The cauliflower samples were collected from three different local vegetable
markets viz., Shamshabad, Mehadipatnam and Gudimalkapur in and around hyderabad
and analyzed for residues following the validated QuEChERS method. The results
revealed that, monitoring samples of cauliflower contained around 11 pesticide residues
namely, chloropyrifos, profenophos, cypermethrin, acephate, ethion, methylparathion,
carbendazim, triazophos and quinalphos. Frequently observed pesticides found in the 3
markets samples were triazophos, cypermethrin, and quinalphos. Based on the results,
frequently detected pesticides i.e., triazophos, cypermethrin and quinalphos were
analysed for further decontamination studies. For this purpose crop has been raised in
the student farm as per good agricultural practices of PJTSAU.
Among various decontamination methods tested, hot water treatment was
found to be very effective in removing pesticide residues to an extent of 50-65%
chloropyrifos followed by common methods i.e., 2% salt solution wash is also effective
method in removing residues in the range of 40-60%, acetic acid solution removed
pesticides in the range of 35-55% and tap water in the range of 13-55%
Description
Keywords
SURVEY, PESTICIDES USAGE, MONITORING, PESTICIDE, RESIDUES, DECONTAMINATION, METHODS, CAULIFLOWER