GENDER WISE ANALYSIS OF ACCESS TO AND CONTROL OVER ASSETS AND RESOURCES IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS OF ANDHRA PRADESH (DROUGHT PRONE AREAS)
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Date
2014
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ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The cultures of rural India are largely gender stratified and male dominated, that exclude women. Gender discrimination, gender inequality and patriarchal domination go hand in hand. It dwells not only outside the household but also centrally within it. The essence of gender discrimination is unequal power relations. The social instruments for perpetuating such unequal power relations is restricting access to property, land, credit and inputs, technology and skill development opportunities, education, employment and training, social access and control over resources and assets, basic needs like food, sanitation and health care.
Lack of access to and control over productive resources is the main factor limiting women’s equal participation in economic activities, thereby hampering the human development process (Acharya, 2003).Hence, equal access to resources and assets both at household and occupational level provides empowerment to women of any flock and is critical not only for their welfare but also for the development of the country.
The study on “Gender wise analysis of access to and control over assets and resources in rural households of Andhra Pradesh (Drought prone areas)” was conducted with the following objectives: To find out the non-human resources and fixed assets
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available in the families of the selected sample, to study the accessibility and control over assets by gender in the families of selected sample, to explore the accessibility and control over resources by gender in the families of selected sample and to assess the empowerment status of gender with respect to access and control over assets and resources.
An exploratory research design was adopted for conducting the study in two villages namely Aurepalle and Dokur of Mahbubnagar district. The study was conducted on 112 households comprising 66 households from Aurepalle and 46 Households from Dokur using simple random sampling. One male and female from selected household were selected i.e. a total of 224 individuals (112 males and females from Aurepalle and 92 males and females from Dokur). Males and females who were the decision makers of each household were interviewed separately. An interview schedule was used to collect the data.
The results of this study proved that there was gender differences seen in the rural households selected for this study. With regard to assets, men had access to more number of assets when compared to women. The control levels of the assets varied between men and women. This was same in the case of access and control of resources too. Men had more access to and control over farm assets, household assets and vehicle assets. This showed that women were disadvantaged at household and farm level too. The decision making also varied between the genders. In this study, the results showed that the household decisions were dominant by women and farm decisions were dominant by men. The decisions regarding the financial issues and socio-religious activities were taken up jointly. As decision making is an important factor for promoting empowerment, this need to be addressed properly in motivating and mobilising women folk towards empowerment. The results also showed that women had a moderate social and economic empowerment since they were also partially involved in the decisions regarding the financial, socio-religious, household and agricultural activities.
This study provides a greater understanding on existing gender disparities in asset distribution and control and how gender based asset distribution can affect women’s lives. The study also gave an indication to strengthen women’s access to productive assets and resources in order to achieve gender equality in the societ
The cultures of rural India are largely gender stratified and male dominated, that exclude women. Gender discrimination, gender inequality and patriarchal domination go hand in hand. It dwells not only outside the household but also centrally within it. The essence of gender discrimination is unequal power relations. The social instruments for perpetuating such unequal power relations is restricting access to property, land, credit and inputs, technology and skill development opportunities, education, employment and training, social access and control over resources and assets, basic needs like food, sanitation and health care. Lack of access to and control over productive resources is the main factor limiting women’s equal participation in economic activities, thereby hampering the human development process (Acharya, 2003).Hence, equal access to resources and assets both at household and occupational level provides empowerment to women of any flock and is critical not only for their welfare but also for the development of the country. The study on “Gender wise analysis of access to and control over assets and resources in rural households of Andhra Pradesh (Drought prone areas)” was conducted with the following objectives: To find out the non-human resources and fixed assets 16 available in the families of the selected sample, to study the accessibility and control over assets by gender in the families of selected sample, to explore the accessibility and control over resources by gender in the families of selected sample and to assess the empowerment status of gender with respect to access and control over assets and resources. An exploratory research design was adopted for conducting the study in two villages namely Aurepalle and Dokur of Mahbubnagar district. The study was conducted on 112 households comprising 66 households from Aurepalle and 46 Households from Dokur using simple random sampling. One male and female from selected household were selected i.e. a total of 224 individuals (112 males and females from Aurepalle and 92 males and females from Dokur). Males and females who were the decision makers of each household were interviewed separately. An interview schedule was used to collect the data. The results of this study proved that there was gender differences seen in the rural households selected for this study. With regard to assets, men had access to more number of assets when compared to women. The control levels of the assets varied between men and women. This was same in the case of access and control of resources too. Men had more access to and control over farm assets, household assets and vehicle assets. This showed that women were disadvantaged at household and farm level too. The decision making also varied between the genders. In this study, the results showed that the household decisions were dominant by women and farm decisions were dominant by men. The decisions regarding the financial issues and socio-religious activities were taken up jointly. As decision making is an important factor for promoting empowerment, this need to be addressed properly in motivating and mobilising women folk towards empowerment. The results also showed that women had a moderate social and economic empowerment since they were also partially involved in the decisions regarding the financial, socio-religious, household and agricultural activities. This study provides a greater understanding on existing gender disparities in asset distribution and control and how gender based asset distribution can affect women’s lives. The study also gave an indication to strengthen women’s access to productive assets and resources in order to achieve gender equality in the societ
The cultures of rural India are largely gender stratified and male dominated, that exclude women. Gender discrimination, gender inequality and patriarchal domination go hand in hand. It dwells not only outside the household but also centrally within it. The essence of gender discrimination is unequal power relations. The social instruments for perpetuating such unequal power relations is restricting access to property, land, credit and inputs, technology and skill development opportunities, education, employment and training, social access and control over resources and assets, basic needs like food, sanitation and health care. Lack of access to and control over productive resources is the main factor limiting women’s equal participation in economic activities, thereby hampering the human development process (Acharya, 2003).Hence, equal access to resources and assets both at household and occupational level provides empowerment to women of any flock and is critical not only for their welfare but also for the development of the country. The study on “Gender wise analysis of access to and control over assets and resources in rural households of Andhra Pradesh (Drought prone areas)” was conducted with the following objectives: To find out the non-human resources and fixed assets 16 available in the families of the selected sample, to study the accessibility and control over assets by gender in the families of selected sample, to explore the accessibility and control over resources by gender in the families of selected sample and to assess the empowerment status of gender with respect to access and control over assets and resources. An exploratory research design was adopted for conducting the study in two villages namely Aurepalle and Dokur of Mahbubnagar district. The study was conducted on 112 households comprising 66 households from Aurepalle and 46 Households from Dokur using simple random sampling. One male and female from selected household were selected i.e. a total of 224 individuals (112 males and females from Aurepalle and 92 males and females from Dokur). Males and females who were the decision makers of each household were interviewed separately. An interview schedule was used to collect the data. The results of this study proved that there was gender differences seen in the rural households selected for this study. With regard to assets, men had access to more number of assets when compared to women. The control levels of the assets varied between men and women. This was same in the case of access and control of resources too. Men had more access to and control over farm assets, household assets and vehicle assets. This showed that women were disadvantaged at household and farm level too. The decision making also varied between the genders. In this study, the results showed that the household decisions were dominant by women and farm decisions were dominant by men. The decisions regarding the financial issues and socio-religious activities were taken up jointly. As decision making is an important factor for promoting empowerment, this need to be addressed properly in motivating and mobilising women folk towards empowerment. The results also showed that women had a moderate social and economic empowerment since they were also partially involved in the decisions regarding the financial, socio-religious, household and agricultural activities. This study provides a greater understanding on existing gender disparities in asset distribution and control and how gender based asset distribution can affect women’s lives. The study also gave an indication to strengthen women’s access to productive assets and resources in order to achieve gender equality in the societ
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Keywords
GENDER WISE, ANALYSIS, ACCESS TO AND CONTROL OVER ASSETS AND RESOURCES IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, ANDHRA PRADESH, DROUGHT, PRONE, AREAS, GENDER WISE, ANALYSIS, ACCESS TO AND CONTROL OVER ASSETS AND RESOURCES IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, ANDHRA PRADESH, DROUGHT, PRONE, AREAS