STUDIES ON WATER AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo L.)
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Date
2003
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of irrigation
schedules and weed management practices on growth and yield of blackgram,
on sandy loam soils of S.V.Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati, during
summer, 2001. The study was laid out in a split - plot design with three
replications. The treatments comprised of four irrigation schedules viz.,
irrigations given at branching and pod development stages (I1), irrigations
given at branching and flowering stages (I2), irrigations given at flowering and
pod development stages (I3) and irrigations given at branching, flowering and
pod development stages (I4) as main plot treatments and four weed
management practices viz., weedy check (w1), hand weeding twice at
branching and flowering (w2), pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @
1.5 kg ai ha-1 (w3) and pre-emergence application of metolachlor @ 1.5 kg ai
ha-1 (w4) as sub plot treatments. The cultivar tried was LBG-20.
Irrigation schedules, weed management practices as well as their
interaction have significantly influenced the plant growth characters, yield
components, yield, economic returns, weed density and weed dry matter.
Irrigating at branching, flowering and pod development stages has
resulted in the production of tallest plants, largest leaf area and highest dry
matter production. Among the weed management practices, hand weeding
twice at branching and flowering resulted in taller plants, higher leaf area and
higher dry matter production. The interaction between irrigations given at
branching, flowering and pod development stages and hand weeding twice at
branching and flowering has resulted in the tallest plants, the largest leaf area
and maximum dry matter production compared to other treatmental
combinations.
The number of nodules plant-l, the dry weight of nodules plant-l and
yield attributes like number of pods plant-l, thousand seed weight, number of
seeds pod-1 were found to be the highest with irrigations given at branching,
flowering and pod development stages. All these were found to be superior
with hand weeding twice at branching and flowering, when compared to other
weed management practices. Irrigating at branching, flowering and pod
development stages along with hand weeding has resulted in higher stature of
yield attributes.
The highest seed and haulm yield were noticed with irrigations given at
branching, flowering and pod development stages, which was followed by
irrigations given at branching and flowering stages. Among the weed
management practices, hand weeding resulted in highest seed and haulm yield
and next best treatment was pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @
1.5 kg ai ha-1. Irrigating at branching, flowering and pod development stages
along with hand weeding twice at branching and flowering was found superior
in production of seed and haulm yield.
The highest value of harvest index was noticed with irrigations given at
branching, flowering and pod development stages along with hand weeding
twice at branching and flowering, while it was lowest with irrigations given at
flowering and pod development stages along with weedy check.
The minimum weed density and weed dry weight were observed with
irrigations given at flowering and pod development stages. Among weed
management practices, hand weeding resulted in lowest weed dry weight and
highest weed control efficiency. As regards the interaction, irrigating at
flowering and pod development stages along with hand weeding effectively
reduced the weed dry matter.
The highest gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio were
realized with irrigations applied at branching, flowering and pod development
stages along with hand weeding twice at branching and flowering and they
were at lowest with irrigations applied at branching and pod development
stages along with weedy check.
The present study has revealed that irrigating blackgram at branching,
flowering and pod development stages along with hand weeding twice at
branching and flowering has resulted in higher grain yield as well as economic
returns.
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Keywords
STUDIES, WATER, WEED, MANAGEMENT, PRACTICES, BLACKGRAM