GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN EXPORT QUALITY RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2005
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ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2004 to study
the genetic parameters, genetic divergence, character association and path
coefficient analysis in 49 diverse genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The
experiment was laid out at Rice Section Farm of Agricultural Research
Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in a Randomized Block Design with two
replications. The data were recorded on 15 characters viz., days to 50 per cent
flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length,
number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, hulling percentage, milling
percentage, head rice recovery percentage, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B
ratio, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio and grain yield per plant.
The analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant
differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. Small difference
between GCV and PCV was recorded for all the characters studied which
indicates less influence of environment on these characters. The characters
viz., plant height, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight
exhibited high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance
indicating that simple selection could be effective for improving these
characters.
Genetic divergence studies by Mahalanobis’s D2 analysis indicated that
existence of significant diversity in 49 rice genotypes which were grouped
into eight clusters. The pattern of distribution of genotypes into various
clusters revealed that there was no relationship between geographical
distribution and genetic diversity. Greater genetic divergence found between
cluster II and VIII. The genotypes MAUB-15, CN 1053-3-3-1 (cluster II),
MTU 1079, NLR 34450, RDR 916 (cluster VII), BPT 5204, B 197 and MTU
1078 (cluster VIII) could be considered for recombination breeding in order
to get desirable segregants with higher yield potential. The characters kernel
length, kernel breadth, days to 50 per cent flowering and plant height
contributed maximum towards genetic divergence.
Character association studies indicated the significant positive
correlation of number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number
of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight with grain yield and among
themselves indicating that simultaneous selection for these characters would
result in improvement of high yielding rice genotypes.
Path analysis revealed that number of grains per panicle, plant height
and days to 50 per cent flowering were the most important characters which
could be used as selection criteria for effective improvement of grain yield.
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Keywords
GENETIC, DIVERGENCE, STUDIES, EXPORT, QUALITY, RICE