Clinical Evaluation Of Affections Of The Canine Shoulder, Elbow And Stifle Joints By Arthroscopy
Loading...
Date
2006
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Abstract
The efficacy and advantages of arthroscopy as a diagnostic aid was
studied after clinical evaluation of shoulder, elbow and stifle joint affections.
Thirty six dogs suffering from shoulder, elbow and stifle joint lameness were
divided into three groups of 12 animals each and subjected to arthroscopic
examination after physical, clinical and radiographic examination.
Physical examination revealed pain on hyperextension in all cases of
shoulder joint lameness. Thigh muscle wastage was predominant in three dogs
with stifle joint lameness. Clinical examination revealed higher grade of
lameness in osteochondritis dissecans, ligament injury and synovitis.
Dogs below two years of age and dogs two-six years of age group
showed, higher grade of lameness in all the three joint affections. Incidence of
all the three joints affections were higher in large sized breed dogs. Males were
mostly affected.The haematological study revealed no significant changes between
disease conditions and pre-and post-arthroscopically in the values of
haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte
count, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Significant decrease in erythrocyte
sedimentation rate in osteochondritis dissecans was seen in both pre and post-
arthroscopic period and in degenerative joint disease, ligament injury and
synovitis during post arthroscopic period alone.
Biochemical study of the blood revealed significantly higher values of
serum albumin in ligament injury and synovitis. The serum globulin level was
higher in ligament injury and synovitis, which decreased post arthroscopically.
Serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in degenerative joint
disease, which decreased during post arthroscopic period. No significant
change in mean blood glucose level was found in the conditions studied and
between pre and post-arthroscopic period.
No significant change in the mean volume of synovial fluid was noticed
in the conditions studied pre-arthroscopically. However, significant reduction in
volume was seen in degenerative joint disease, osteochondritis dissecans and
synovitis during the post arthroscopic period.
Cytological examination of synovial fluid revealed significant decrease
in mean leukocyte count in ligament injury, synovitis, osteochondritis dissecans
and degenerative joint disease. Significant reduction in polymorphonuclear
cells was seen in osteochondritis dissecans, degenerative joint disease and
ligament injury during post arthroscopic period, whereas significant increase in
mean mononuclear cells was noticed in degenerative joint disease,
osteochondritis dissecans and ligament injury during post arthroscopic period.
Values of total protein, albumin, globulin level in synovial fluid were
significantly reduced in ligament injury. Significant increase in alkalinephosphatase levels in synovial fluid was noticed in degenerative joint disease
and osteochondritis dissecans pre-arthroscopically which decreased post-
arthroscopically.
All the cases of degenerative joint disease, two cases of osteochondritis
dissecans and two cases of cranial cruciate ligament rupture were diagnosed
radiographically.
Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint lameness visualized cartilage lesions
of osteochondritis dissecans like cartilage flaps, fissure, chondromalacia and
lesions of degenerative joint disease, biceps tenditinitis, partial or complete tear
of the biceps brachii, bicipital tenosynovitis and glenohumeral ligament
rupture.
Arthroscopy of elbow joint lameness demonstrated fragmented coronoid
process, osteochrondritis dissecans of humeral condyle, ununited anconeal
process, articular anomaly and joint incongruity.
Arthroscopy of stifle joint lameness demonstrated osteochondritis
dissecans of the femoral condyles, meniscal injuries, cruciate ligament injuries
and degenerative lesions.
Description
Keywords
meat, diseases, biological phenomena, proteins, wood, byproducts, enzymes, breeds (animals), grading, public sector