A Comparative Study of Vegetable and Grain-type Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most important leguminous oilseed crops and known for its useful nutrients like protein (32-43%) oil content (14-16%), carbohydrate content (23-38 mg/g), and many other useful minerals including vitamin A, B and D and also rich in lysine. Global awareness of the use and benefits of vegetable soybean has been increased through the efforts of the Asian vegetable research and development center (AVRDC). The present investigation was carried out at ICR Farm, AAU Jorhat during 2022-23, using 28 genotypes consisting of both vegetable and grain-type. It was laid out in RBD with two replications. Analysis of variance for various traits revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for traits studied. GCV and PCV were high for primary branches per plant, total chlorophyll content and seed yield per plant indicating high variation among the genotypes. High broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance showed for primary branches per plant, total chlorophyll content, protein content, carbohydrate content and seed yield per plant implies predominant role of additive gene action. The Correlation study revealed that seed yield per plant had strong positive correlations with plant height, days to maturity and total chlorophyll content. Further, the Path coefficient analysis demonstrated that the character days to maturity, followed by plant height and pods per plant showed maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant. The result of field evaluation revelled that pod blight, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum. Rhizoctonia aerial blight and hypocotyl rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Fusarium wilt and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum were found as major diseases that affected the soybean genotypes. A precise screening was done by utilising artificial inoculation technique in vegetable soybean genotypes, the result evident that no genotype was found immune or completely resistant. The only genotype AVSB 2009 among vegetable-type showed moderately resistant against all the diseases studied on the basis of field and artificial inoculation. Among all the genotypes PS 1670 (grain-type) is the highest yielder with moderate resistance against major disease on the basis of field screening.