EFFECT OF ACID MINE DRAINED WATER ON PHYSIOLOGY OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Two experiments laid out using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) were conducted in the Stress Laboratory, Dept of Crop physiology, Assam Agricultural University. The main objective behind the experiments was to study the effects of acid mine drained (AMD) water on physiology of some varieties of Ahu rice (Mashuri, Jaya, Chilaria, Lachit, Mulagabharu, Jyoti Prasad, Bishnuprasad, Kanaklata) and Sali rice (Ranjit sub-1, Moniram, Piyolee, Bahadur Sub-1, Kushal, Muglagabharu, Bina-2, Satyaranjan). The varieties were treated with the simulated AMD containing sulphur at pH<2 (HSO3-), pH 4-6 (S03-), pH>6.0 (SO42-) and pH 5 (Control) basally in soil at vegetative stage. Nitrogen as Urea @ 60Kg/ha (50% as basal and 50% at maximum tillering stages), and whole doses of Phosphorus (@40Kg/ha) and Potassium (@20Kg/ha) as SSP and MoP respectively were applied as basal before transplanting. In case of the Ahu Rice, the varieties treated with pH<2 (HSO3-) was highly affected in terms of overall reduction in specific leaf area (SLA) at maximum tillering stage(1.20 to 54.75%) at panicle initiation stage(1.02 to 56.73%), plant height (6.9 to 55.6%) at harvest , root biomass (2.9% to 49.8%) at harvest, total chlorophyll content (2.26% to 55.4%), nitrate reductase (NR) activity (0.08% to 45.3%), cell membrane stability (CMS) (1.10% to 60.78%) at maximum tillering and panicle initiation stages, and economic yield (1.30% to 80.3%). Similarly, in Sali rice, decrease in SLA at maximum tillering stage (0.0 to 23.91%) and at panicle initiation stage (0.0% to 26.92%), plant height at harvest (0.10% to 56.61%), total chlorophyll content (0.05% to 52%), CMS (0.0% to 31.67%), NR activity (0.24% to 31.67%), panicle length (1.31% to 41.89% ), panicle weight (3.60% to 51.64%) at maximum tillering and panicle initiation stages, test weight (4.30% to 62.02%), high density grains (0.07% to 43.19%), and economic yield (1.72% to 60.99%) except sterility percentage (0.0% to 114.85%) at harvest stage. Among the varieties, Mashuri (Ahu) and Ranjit Sub-1 (Sali) possessed higher CMS and lower lipid peroxidase activity accompanied by higher NR activity, chlorophyll contents and economic yield which are the key factors for tolerance mechanism.