SONOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASM AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SURGICAL MARGINS AND MALIGNANCY IN DOGS
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Date
2023-01-23
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the utility of ultrasonography in pre-surgicallydetecting the malignancy and surgical margins of canine mammary neoplasm. Eighteen dogs with mammary neoplasms and seven apparently healthy female dogs belonging to
different breeds and age formed the subjects of the study and all underwent a detailed clinical and laboratory investigation which included ultrasonography and radiological evaluation. Majority of the canine mammary neoplasms were recorded in purebreds of the age group 8-12 years. Pulse rate and rectal temperature were found to be elevated in dogs with mammary neoplasm. Elevated serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels and lowered total erythrocyte count were the major haemato-biochemical findings observed in dogs with mammary neoplasm. The most commonly affected glands were caudal abdominal followed by inguinal mammary glands. The extent of primary neoplasm was measured using Vernier calliper and calculated the tumour volume using the modified ellipsoidal formula. The mean volume was greater for malignant neoplasms. Lateral thoracic radiographs of all the 18 animals bearing mammary lesions were evaluated to detect the presence or absence of pulmonary metastases. Sign of early pulmonary
metastases was evident on the lateral thoracic radiographs of 11 dogs with malignant mammary neoplasms, whereas no metastases were detected in benign cases of neoplasms.On histopathological evaluation of eighteen excised tumour masses, 12 were diagnosed asmalignant and six as benign mammary neoplasm. The ultrasonographic features of mammary glands such as undefined margin, invasiveness, posterior acoustic enhancement, higher dimensions, higher volume and elevated peak systolic velocity could be generalised as features of malignancy whereas defined margins, absence of invasiveness, absence of posterior acoustic enhancement and lower peak systolic velocity could be related with benign lesions. Even though the present study evaluated mammary glands from seven normal apparently healthy female dogs, ultrasonographic study of dogs in different stages of oestrous cycle are recommended to comment further on specific ultrasonographic features in a normal apparently healthy female dog. These sonographic findings of mammary neoplasm proved to be highly helpful in detecting the surgical margins and selecting specific surgical approaches in individual cases.