STUDIES ON THE EMERGENCE PATTERN, HETEROGENEITY AND MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE WHITE STEMBORER, Xylotrechus quadripes CHEVROLAT (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
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Date
2021-08
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University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bagalkot).
Abstract
Studies on the emergence pattern, heterogeneity and management of coffee
white stemborer, (CWSB), X. quadripes was carried out at Central Coffee Research
Institute, Chikamagaluru and Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bengaluru
during 2016-2018. The emergence pattern over the three different rainfall regimes
indicated that, total number of beetles in an area and number of beetles emerged per
plant at each location was comparatively higher in low rain fall regions. The
relationship of CWSB adult emergence and weather conditions prevailed during study
period showed that, the adult emergence has significant positive correlation with
maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours and negatively correlated with
rainfall and relative humidity. Survey indicated maximum incidence in low rainfall
areas as compared to medium and high rainfall areas. Based on femora colour of legs in
adult beetles, three variations of leg colour are recorded. Nucleotide identity and
phylogentic analysis showed that, the stem borers (X. quadripes) infecting coffee
characterized in the present study have not exhibited much variations with respect
mtCoI gene sequences across locations and seasons.
Among the different bio-pesticides evaluated against CWSB in laboratory
condition, the combination treatment, B. bassiana (1 x 108
cfu / g) (5g/l) + neem oil (6
ml/l) + kaolin (75 gl/l) were found to be superior. Among the insecticides, the
combination treatments profenophos 50 EC (1.5 ml/l) + DDVP 76 % EC (0.5 ml/l),
profenophos 40 EC+ cypermethrin 4 EC @1.5 ml/l, chlorpyriphos 50EC + cypermethtin
5 EC @1.2 ml/l were found to be significantly effective. The evaluvation of different
combinations of insecticides in field showed that, two sprays chlorpyriphos 50EC +
cypermethtin 5 EC @1.2 ml/l twice at each flight season, showed maximum reduction
of infestation and given highest yield (1220.62 kg CC/ha) and B: C ratio (2.14). Among
the different IPM modules, the eco-friendly integrated module i) tracing and removal of
infested plants ii) First spray in middle of summer flight season with combi-product,
chlorpyriphos 50EC + cypermethtin 5% EC @ 1.2 ml/l. iii) Second spray in first week
of October beginning of winter flight with combi-product, chlorpyriphos 50EC +
cypermethrin 4% EC @ 1.5 ml/l. and iv) Third spray at middle of November (middle of
flight period) with B. bassiana (5g) + neem oil (6ml) + kaolin (75g/l) was superior
compared to chemi-intensive module considering the effectiveness and sustainability in
terms of eco-friendly, safety and cost effectiveness. Insecticide residues in the coffee
samples indicated that all the coffee samples from IPM, chemi-intensive and
recommended package of practice modules detected chlorpyriphos well below the MRL
limits fixed by the International coffee organization.