IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR INFECTIOUS PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DOGS WITH EMPHASIS ON BORDETELLA BRONCHISEPTICA
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Date
2022-09-20
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KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIECES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
A total of 89 dogs presented at different veterinary hospitals under Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University and two commercial kennels, one in Wayanad district and other in Kozhikode district, formed the subjects of the study, out of which 45 animals were having clinical signs suggestive of infectious tracheobronchitis and remaining were apparently healthy, randomly selected from animals brought to hospitals for vaccination or routine health check-up. Epidemiological data regarding age, sex, deworming history, vaccination history and details of management were collected from respective dog owners. Oropharyngeal/ nasal swabs were collected from animals showing clinical signs suggestive of ITB. Serum samples were collected from all the animal included in the study for detection of seroprevalence of B. bronchiseptica by ELISA. Molecular detection by PCR targeting the alc gene of B. bronchiseptica, NP gene of Canine Parainfluenza virus and E3 gene of Canine adenovirus type 2, were performed using nasal and oropharyngeal swabs. Molecular identification of major pathogens showed highest prevalence for B. bronchiseptica (20 per cent). It was found that all the dogs positive for bordetellosis was belonged to >1year age group. Cough, and nasal discharge were the predominant clinical signs observed in Bordetella positive dogs. Canine adeno virus type 2 was identified in 3 out of 45 dogs (6.66 per cent) with clinical signs. It was found that, out of 3 positive dogs 2 dogs were belonging to less than 1year age group and remaining was within 1-5year age group. Cough, and nasal discharge were the predominant clinical signs observed in canine adenovirus positive dogs. None of the samples collected from clinically ill dogs were positive for canine Parainfluenza (CPIV) virus by PCR. In the present study, the prevalence of circulating B. bronchiseptica antibodies were detected in sera of 34.8 per cent of unvaccinated dogs. Analysis of the epidemiological data revealed no significant difference in seropositivity among dogs belonging to different age group, sex, breed and housing conditions. The findings suggested that B. bronchiseptica is widespread among the dogs of the study area across all epidemiological profiles. B. bronchiseptica is the major pathogen causing upper respiratory disease among dogs, followed by canine adenovirus type 2 in Wayanad and northern districts of Kerala. results of present study strongly recommends inclusion of Bordetella vaccine also in the canine vaccination regimen.