Physiological and histological changes induced by Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
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Date
2023
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
In Pomegranate, bacterial blight is a major disease caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae which leads to enormous economical losses. The objective of the present research was to analyze five pomegranate varieties against bacterial blight under field conditions; and to evaluate biochemical, physiological and histological characteristics in relation to reaction of the pomegranate varieties to the disease. Varieties of pomegranate were rated on the basis of Percent disease Index (PDI) worked out in the leaves and fruit peels and the varieties Bhagwa, Mridula and Jyoti were rated as susceptible and Jodhpur Red and Ganesh are rated as highly susceptible varieties, respectively. The stomatal frequency, stomatal size and stomatal index were significantly high in the most susceptible varieties Ganesh and Jodhpur Red. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, total carotenoid content, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, proline and hydrogen peroxide, MDA and mineral content; and peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase were quantified from healthy and diseased leaves and fruit peels of the pomegranate varieties. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls and total carotenoid content were higher in the healthy leaves as compared to the diseased counterparts. These metabolites were higher in the less susceptible varieties as compared to the highly susceptible ones. Total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, total phenols, ascorbic acids, total proline content and minerals were significantly higher in the susceptible variety Bhagwa and lower in the highly susceptible varieties Ganesh and Jodhpur red. The hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was higher in the varieties Ganesh and Jodhpur Red and lower in the varieties Bhagwa. The activity of the peroxidase was high in the susceptible varieties (Bhagwa, Jyoti) and lower in the highly susceptible varieties (Ganesh), while polyphenoloxidase activity was higher in the highly susceptible varieties and lower in the susceptible varieties of pomegranate. Hence, it may be concluded that the variety Ganesh was highly susceptible to blight disease on the basis of studies conducted.
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Komal (2023). Physiological and histological changes induced by Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.