Assessment of groundwater recharge potential of village pond using geospatial techniques
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Date
2022
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
The water table is depleting at an alarmingly fast rate of 54 cm/yr in the Punjab state. This ongoing decrease in the water table necessitates the rapid and efficient development of artificial groundwater recharge and use of available surface water sources for the groundwater recharge. Keeping this in view the study was planned to assess groundwater recharge potential of village pond using geospatial techniques. To achieve the objectives of the study, Sentinel 2 images for the month of March 2020 of Ludhiana district was used. Three spectral indices namely NDWI, MNDWI and NDPI were used to identify and demarcate the area of village ponds in each village of the district. The efficiency of these indices were compared with the manually digitized area of the village pond for the accuracy assessment. NDWI could identify about 370 village ponds, MNDWI could identify and extract about 1263 village ponds and to further extract the village ponds, NDPI was used and NDPI could extract about 1410 village ponds whereas manually about 1513 village ponds could be demarcated, Therefore, in NDPI more than 90% efficiency could be achieved for identifying the village ponds and for demarcating the village pond, NDPI efficiency was about 60-65%. The average depth of 2 m was considered for the volume estimation of the village ponds and using NDPI, the volume of 873.8 ha-m was estimated. During the field study, the infiltration rate at the undisturbed pond was found to be 41.5 cm/day and disturbed pond bottom, it was found to be 69.1 cm/day. Considering the daily infiltration rate from the pond, annually about 301.9 ha-m of water can be recharged after removal of the bottom layer. If the bottom layer is kept undisturbed, then the recharge rate of 181.3 ha-m would be achieved in village pond. After improving infiltration rate, about 65% recharge can be enhanced through village ponds over undisturbed pond bottom.
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Shinde, Ankita Prakash (2022). Assessment of groundwater recharge potential of village pond using geospatial techniques (Unpublished M.Tech. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.