EVALUATION OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS IN DAIRY FARM
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Date
2018-09-30
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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Thrissur
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different effluent
treatment methods in dairy farm and to analyze cost effectiveness of effluent
treatments. An initial survey was conducted among hundred farms of Thrissur
district using a well structured questionnaire and data was collected regarding the
farming system and their effluent management. The farms were categorised into
small, medium and large. Six farms from each category were selected
randomlyfor effluent collection in two different season namely summer and
monsoon. Effluent was collected in the morning at 8am and evening at 5pm and
pooled together. Representative sample (15 litres) of pooled effluent was taken
from each farm and was subjected for different treatment protocols. After the end
of each treatment water quality parameters were analysed. From the data of survey, it was found that there was a positive correlation between number of animals (96 per cent) and total water used (98 per cent) with
effluent output. Effluent subjected with different treatment protocols (C- control, T1- Screening,
T2- sedimentation, T3- Filtration and T4- chlorination). After the end of each
treatment, the water were subjected to evaluation of quality parameters like
colour, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand
(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Coliform count (TCC) and E.
coli count. Data were compared with Indian Standards for reuse in dairy farm.The colour (Hazen) of water indicated that control (958.50 ± 4.18) was
significantly higher than the rest of treatments. There was no significant
difference between colour value of water from T3 (266.80 ± 5.8) and T4 (249.13
± 8.66). T3 (filtered water) and T4 (chlorinated water) were lesser due to the
respective treatments. The TDS (mg/L)of water from treatments T3 (1404.47 ± 31.68), T2
(2358.63 ± 34.52), T4 (2408.05 ±48.23) and T1 (3354.55 ± 29.65) with increasing trend were significantly lower than that of control (5161.22 ± 28.94). T2 (2358.63
± 34.52) and T4 (2408.05 ± 48.23) were not significantly different from each
other and T4 was significantly higher than that of T3. The pH of water from control (8.20 ± 0.07)and T1 (8.19 ± 0.05), T3 (7.40
± 0.05)and T4 (7.26 ± 0.06)were significantly not different from each other where
T2 (6.98 ± 0.10)was significantly different from all other treatments. The turbidity (NTU) of water from control (718.80 ± 6.86)and T1 (669.36
± 10.16), T2 (76.38 ± 2.02)and T3 (42.26 ± 1.53) were significantly different
from each other where T3 (42.26 ± 1.53) and T4 (38.00 ± 1.74)were not
significantly different from each other. The BOD 5 (mg/L) of water from control (154.30 ± 1.31), T1 (131.75 ±
1.31), T2 (77.16 ± 1.31), T3 (52.41 ± 1.31) and T4 (41.44 ± 1.31) were
significantly different from each other. The COD (mg/L) of water from control (1447.83 ± 15.04), T1 (1222.08 ±
19.40), T2 (672.00 ± 6.62), T3 (426.80 ± 10.37) and T4 (316.50 ± 8.51) were
significantly different from each other. The TCC (MPN/100 ml) of water for control, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were
22.25 ± 0.27, 21.44 ± 0.27, 12.93 ± 0.27, 11.12 ± 0.27 and < 1.80 ±
0.27respectively.Control and T1 were having highest and T4 was having least
TCC. The E. coli count (MPN/100 ml) of water for control, T1, T2, T3 and T4
were 22.22 ± 0.27, 21.13 ± 0.27, 12.93 ± 0.27, 11.12 ± 0.27and <1.80 ±
0.27respectively.Control and T1 were having highest and T4 was having least E.
coli count.Effect of effluent treatments between the farm size revealed that
parameters like pH, turbidity, COD and BOD 5 showed significant difference
between treatment and farms and parameters like colour, TDS, TCC and E. coli had no significant difference between treatment and farms.
The pH value of water from small farm (8.40 ± 0.12) was not significantly
different from medium farm (8.32 ± 0.12)but significantly different from large
farm (7.94 ± 0.12) in the control group. The turbidity (NTU) of water was significant different between treatments
and farms. There was no significant difference between T3 and T4 in small,
medium and large farms.
The COD (mg/L) of water in small, medium and large farms, control
(small- 1401.08 ± 26.05, medium- 1378.05 ± 26.05 and large- 1564.16 ±
26.05)were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of T4, T3, T2 and T1.
The BOD 5 (mg/L) was significant difference between treatments and
farms. In small, medium and large farms, control was significantly higher
(p<0.05) than that of T4, T3, T2 and T1.`Effect of effluent treatment between the seasons revealed that for all the
water quality parameters like colour, TDS, pH, turbidity, COD, BOD5, TCC and
E. coli count had no significant difference between treatment and seasons.
The water quality parameters colour, TDS, pH, turbidity, Total Coliform
Count and E. coli count were within the limits of Indian standards IS 10500. COD
and BOD 5 were slightly higher than the limits of the Indian standards (IS 10500),
so this water must be treated for reuse.
The overall results in the study indicated that T4 having better efficacy
compared to all other treatments. The results of the study indicated that the wastewater generated in the dairy farm
can be effectively treated using the four stage treatment (C- control, T1-
Screening, T2- sedimentation, T3- Filtration and T4- chlorination) in this study
and the reclaimed water can be reused in the dairy farms for cleaning the shed, toconserve water and to reduce the water body contamination. The cost of the fourth
treatment is comparatively higher however effectiveness of effluent treatment
indicated that T4 is better in comparison with other treatments.
Description
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Master of Veterinary Science in Livestock Production Management