Water quality analysis of springs, trend analysis of rainfall and temperature in Bhimtal block of Nainital district
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Date
2021-12
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Bhimtal is a block in the Nainital district which lies in the Kumaon region (Uttarakhand). Here the people mainly depend on springs as the primary source of water. Even though precipitation falls annually 1669 mm all the water will be going to the valley. Bhimtal is located at a height of 1370 m above MSL and has coordinates latitude 29°20'45.9" N, longitude 79°33'6.89" E. Every aspect of the life of the peoples of this area is linked by springs water. Improving access to clean drinking water is a significant advantage for human health and every effort should be made. Hence present study focuses on water quality analysis of seventeen (17) springs of Bhimtal. The DEM of the study area was analysed and various maps such as Aspect Map, Hillshade Map, Contour Map, Channel Network Map etc. were created using QGIS 3.16. All the Physico-chemical parameters were analysed as per the BIS Guidelines for Allowable limit. The statistical analysis of these parameters was also performed. Further, Physicochemical parameters are used to calculate the water quality index for assessing the overall drinking water status of sampling sites. From the study, it was found that the maximum springs of the Bhimtal block are alkaline in nature. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Iron, Fluoride, Chloride of all springs were well within the desirable limit and for TH and Alkalinity 29.41 % springs are in desirable limit but all springs were below the permissible limit. WQI values of 94.12 % of springs were under the Excellent and good category, so the overall drinking status of springs are safe for drinking and other domestic uses. From the result of trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, it was seen that the month of July, October and December month have an increasing trend and May month have decreasing trend, for both rainfall and temperature.