Management of powdery mildew (Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst) of mulberry (Morus sp.) using Botanicals and bio-control agents
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Date
2003
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SKUAST Kashmir
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst is a serious disease of mulberry inflicting considerable qualitative as well as quantitative losses. Owing to non eco-friendly nature, toxicity to silkworm, high cost and other side effects of chemical control measures, search for other management strategies devoid of such drawbacks becomes inevitable.
In the present study, five botanicals and five bio¬¬¬-control agents were evaluated for their efficacy against powdery mildew of mulberry. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of botanicals and culture filtrate of bio-control agents were tested in vitro for their fungitoxicant activity against conidial germination of P. corylea. Amongst the botanical tested, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum @ 20.0% were most effective by inhibiting 80.34% and 78.13% conidial germination, respectively and both were at par with carbendazim 50 wp @ 0.05% (a commonly recommended fungicide) which provided 81.33% conidial germination inhibition. However, ethanolic extracts of Allium cepa @ 20.0% and A. sativum @ 10.0% were also effective in inhibiting 67.94% and 65.80% of conidial germination, respectively. Heracleum candicans and Conium maculatum each at 2.5% concentration were observed to be least effective and provided less than 9.0% conidial germination inhibition over check. Amongst the culture filtrate of bio-control agents tested, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum both @ 50.0% were highly effective and inhibited the conidial germination by 75.08% and 72.23%, respectively. Gliocladium roseum, Trichothecium roseum and Chaetomium indicum each at 6.25% concentration were the least effective treatments and did not provide more than 11.0% conidial germination inhibition. The in vitro treatments exhibiting conidial germination inhibition of more than 50.0% were also tested in vivo for the management of the disease. Ethanolic extracts of A. sativum and A. cepa both @ 20.0%, culture filtrates of T. viride and T. harzianum both at 50.0% concentration and aqueous extract of A. sativum @ 20.0% and were equally most effective and were at par with carbendazim 50 wp @ 0.05% by providing 64.46% -- 68.68% disease control.
Furthermore, 26 different mulberry genotypes were screened against powdery mildew and their stomatal frequency was also recorded. None of the genotypes was found free from the disease. However, Serpentine, Botetul and Shemanuchi exhibited less than 9.0% disease intensity and were categorized as moderately tolerant. Genotypes Koksu-21, Goshoerami, Koksu-27 and Rokokuyoso recorded the highest disease intensity of 48.08% to 61.37% and were accordingly categorized as highly susceptible. Correlation between disease intensity and stomatal frequency of these genotypes was positive but non significant.
Description
M.Sc Thesis submitted to SKUAST Kashmir
Keywords
powdery mildew, (Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst), Botanicals and bio-control agents, Sericulture