HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE IN CHICKS
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Date
2019
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College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy
Abstract
The study was conducted to detect the presence of Infectious Bursal Disease
(IBD) virus in the bursa of Fabricius of unvaccinated chicks below three weeks of
age by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), study the pathology induced by the
virus in the lymphoid organs of affected chicks and to evaluate the lymphocyte
subpopulation in the bursa of affected chicks using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
One hundred samples were collected from dead birds brought for postmortem
examination to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy as well as from egger nurseries and private
farms in and around Thrissur. The detailed history and gross lesions were
recorded and tissue samples such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and other
organs were collected for histopathology and PCR. Out of one hundred samples,
eight samples were positive for IBD virus by PCR. Gross lesions such as
splenomegaly, haemorrhagic typhilitis, swollen and congested kidneys were the
common findings in the affected birds. Histopathologically, lymphoid depletion
and infiltration of heterophils in bursa of Fabricius, moderate to diffuse lymphoid
depletion in spleen and decrease in thymocyte density with congestion in thymus
were noticed. Viral antigen was demonstrated in bursa, spleen and liver of
affected birds and influx of CD4+
and CD8+ lymphocytes were seen in the bursa
of affected chicks by IHC. The present study confirms the occurrence of
subclinical IBD in poultry in and around Thrissur and the organ of choice for
demonstrating IBD viral antigen by IHC was found to be bursa of Fabricius when
compared to other lymphoid organs.