NUTRITIONAL PROFILING IN FRUITS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI DIABETIC FACTOR PRESENT IN CALLUS CULTURES OF MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA
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Date
2019-08
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University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot
Abstract
Momordica cymbalaria is a traditional vegetable in the northern region of Karnataka. The fruit of the plant is consumed as diet. It‟s a tuber crop and a climber, allowed to creep on the ground or climb on support. It is distributed widely in tropical regions of India and Africa. The disadvantage with the crop is, it‟s a kharif crop and the duration of the crop is 3 – 4 months from june to september. The fruit of the crop has anti diabetic activity. The present study was aimed at nutritional profiling of fruits and identification of anti-diabetic factor in the callus cultures of Momordica cymbalaria.
The genotypes were collected from 6 different places namely, Guledagudda and Kaladgi in Bagalkot district, Balganur in Gadag district, Arabhavi in Belgaum district, Navalgunda in Dharwad district and Bijapur district. The proximate nutrients in fruits contained moisture, carbohydrate, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat and ash at 14.38%, 0.40%, 1.33%, 1.33%, 0.32%, 3.82% and 12.40% respectively. The mineral nutrients in fruits contained iron, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium at 107.86, 29.54, 70.96, 40, 54.17 and 48.89 mg/100 g of fruits respectively. There was no significant difference in the nutrient content in the genotypes collected.
The influence of 0.5-3.0 mgl-1 2, 4 D, NAA and kinetin in combination with 0.2 mgl-1 BAP for the callus induction from leaf and stem explants on MS media was studied. The callus induction was achieved from explants enriched with 2, 4 D and NAA at 3.00 mg l-1 and 2.5 mg l-1 respectively. The earliest callus induction was seen in the stem explants inoculated in the medium containing 2, 4 D at 3 mgl-1. The crude protein from the callus was extracted using 50mM sodium acetate buffer (pH- 4.8). These proteins when subjected to SDS PAGE stacked according to their molecular weight. The peptides ranging between 11 kDa to 25 kDa were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry. The peptides were checked for anti hyperglycaemic activity by α-amylase enzyme assay. It was found that the crude protein present in the callus showed 17.2% inhibition, whereas the peptides isolated from the SDS-PAGE showed 40.8% proving the presence of anti-diabetic factor, which is different from the earlier reported studies. Hence, there is further scope for identification and validation of these peptides responsible for anti-diabetic activity.