MANAGEMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CHRONIC VALVULAR HEART DISEASE IN DOGS
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Date
2018
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College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the major contributing factors in
the development of cardiac diseases. Sixty nine dogs presented with symptoms of
cardiac and respiratory ailments were screened for cardiac diseases. Based on
clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic examination,
cardiac diseases were confirmed in 34 dogs. Types of cardiac disorders diagnosed
in the study were mitral valve insufficiency (76.47%), dilated cardiomyopathy
(17.65%) and tricuspid valvular insufficiency (5.88%).
Twenty dogs that belonged to stage C as per American College of
Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement on guidelines for the diagnosis
and treatment of canine chronic valvular heart disease were selected and randomly
divided into two groups of ten animals each. The selected animals were subjected
to detailed clinical examination, blood pressure measurement, electrocardiographic,
radiographic and echocardiographic examination and assessment of oxidative stress
parameters on the day of presentation. Animals that belonged to group I and II were
treated with furosemide, enalapril and pimobendan for two months. In addition,
animals of group II were supplemented with coenzyme Q10. Oxidative stress
parameters were rechecked on 30th and 60th day of treatment. All animals were
reassessed by echocardiographic and blood pressure measurement on 60th day.
Higher occurrence of valvular heart diseases was recorded in small breeds. Male
dogs were more affected compared to females. The average age was 9.73 years.
Inappetance, dyspnoea, murmurs on auscultation, lethargy, exercise intolerance,
dull heart sounds and syncope were the major clinical signs and findings.
Electrocardiographic changes recorded were atrial fibrillation, ST coving, first
degree AV block, second degree AV block, āPā mitrale, sinus tachycardia and
ventricular premature complexes. Left atrial enlargement and cardiomegaly were
the predominant radiographic changes noticed. Clinical response was more evident
in group II animals compared to group I animals. At the end of the study period, a
significant fall in total antioxidant status and a slight decrease in mean values of
lipid peroxides was recorded in group II. No statistical significance was recorded
in the ejection fraction, fractional shortening and E point to septal separation values
within the treatment groups.