DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION WATER IN SAT AGRICULTURE: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI
Abstract
In Semi-Arid Tropical (SAT) region of India, agriculture supports livelihood of over 70
per cent of the population. However, the region faces uncertain rainfall and frequent
droughts and hence, irrigation is crucial for drought proofing and productivity
enhancement. The study was undertaken to investigate the trends and status of irrigation
development in SAT region (erstwhile Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states).
Demand-supply scenario of irrigation water was also assessed for the lower Krishna basin
in the region. Further, the study also attempted to evaluate the performance and constraints
of Water User Associations (WUAs) in the Krishna basin under the framework of new
institutional economics. There has been a structural shift in favour of groundwater
irrigation and deterioration in surface irrigation systems in SAT region. Further, districts
with poor rainfall were found to have higher concentration of groundwater irrigation.
However, the overexploitation of groundwater in Tamil Nadu is posing threat to the
sustainable development. Capital investment had accounted for a major share in public
irrigation expenditure in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. However, in Tamil Nadu, revenue
expenditure had accounted for the major share. In recent years, adoption of drip irrigation
in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and sprinkler irrigation in Karnataka was found to be
impressive. The demand and supply analysis of irrigation water indicated a huge irrigation
water deficit in the lower Krishna basin. The performance of WUAs in relation to equitable
distribution of water among head, middle and tail reaches, and financial viability was found
to be poor. The study found expertise in governance, active leadership and ensuring
compliance of rules as important factors for ensuring equitable distribution of water. Major
constraints faced by WUAs in canal water management in the Krishna basin were related
to operation and maintenance of canal system, free rider problem and failures in policy
implementation. Therefore, sustainable and equitable development of irrigation in water
scarce SAT region needs both supply side management through adequate financial support,
capacity building and monitoring of WUAs, and demand side management through faster
promotion of water efficient irrigation technologies such as micro irrigation.
Key words: Demand-supply scenario; irrigation development; Krishna basin; SAT region;
water user associations
अर्ध-श
ु
ष्क उष्णकटिबर्ं ीय क
ृ
षि में ससचं ाई जल का षिकास और प्रबंर्न: एक
संस्थागत पररप्रेक्ष्य
सार
भारत के अर्ध-शुष्क उष्णकटिबंर्ीय क्षेत्र में, कृ टि 70 प्रटतशत से अटर्क लोगों को आजीटिका प्रदान करती
है। हालांटक, इस क्षेत्र को अटनटित ििाध और लगातार सूखे का सामना करना पड़ता है । इसटलए, सूखे के
प्रबंर्न और उत्पादकता बढाने के टलए टसंचाई महत्वपूर्ध है। अर्ध-शुष्क उष्णकटिबंर्ीय क्षेत्र (आंध्र प्रदेश
(तत्कालीन), कनाधिक और तटमलनाडु राज्ों) में टसंचाई टिकास के रुझानों और िस्तु-स्थिटत की जांच के टलए
अध्ययन टकया गया । इस क्षेत्र के टनचले कृ ष्णा बेटसन में टसंचाई के पानी की मांग-आपूटतध के पररदृश्य का
आकलन भी टकया गया। इसके अलािा, नए संथिागत अिधशास्त्र के तहत कृ ष्णा बेटसन में जल उपयोगकताध
संघों के प्रदशधन और बार्ाओं का मूल्ांकन भी टकया गया । अर्ध-शु
Description
T-10275
Keywords
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