Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

The journey of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), popularly known as Pusa Institute, began in 1905 at Pusa (Bihar) with the generous grant of 30,000 pounds from an American philanthropist, Mr. Henry Phipps. The institute was then known as Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) which functioned with five departments, namely Agriculture, Cattle Breeding, Chemistry, Economic Botany and Mycology. Bacteriology unit was added in 1907. The name of ARI was changed to Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research in 1911 and, in 1919 it was renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute. Following a devastating earth quake on 15th January 1934, the institute was shifted to Delhi on 29th July 1936. Post independence, the institute has been renamed as Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). During the fifties, the advancement of scientific disciplines constituted the core program of IARI and provided the base for its fast expansion in the 1960’s and 1970’s. It attained the status of a Deemed University in the year 1958. The green revolution that brought smiles to millions of Indians bloomed from the fields of IARI with the development of famous wheat varieties which contributed an estimated on billion tones of addition production. As the Mother of several ICAR institutions, IARI continues to be the leading institution for agricultural research, education and extension in the country. The present campus of the Institute is a self-contained sylvan complex spread over an area of about 500 hectares (approx. 1250 acres) and located about 8 km (5 miles) west of New Delhi Railway Station and about 16 km (10 miles) east of IGI Airport (Palam). The location stands at 28.08 0N and 77.12 0E, the height above mean sea level being 228.61 meters (750 feet). It is adjacent to hillside road. Currently, the Institute has 20 divisions 5 multi-disciplinary Centres situated in Delhi, 8 regional stations, 2 off-season nurseries, 3 All India coordinated research projects with headquarters at IARI and 10 national Centres functioning under the all India coordinated research projects. It has the sanctioned staff strength of 3540 comprising scientific, technical, administrative and supporting personnel.

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Open Access
UTILIZATION OF THE BOTTLE GOURD PULP (Lagenaria siceraria) FOR THE PREPARATION OF UJANI BASUNDI.
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) GAWANDE, SHUBHAM BALKRUSHNA.; Atkare, Dr. V. G.
The research work entitled “Utilization of bottle gourd pulp (Lagenaria siceraria) for the preparation of Ujani basundi”. was carried out during the year 2018-19. Milk was standardized to 4 per cent fat and the Ujani basundi prepared with addition of bottle gourd pulp at 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) per cent by weight of milk. The data analyzed statistically by using completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and five replications. The data obtained after chemical analysis of fat, total solids, protein, acidity, solids not fat, ash and evaluation of sensory characteristics like colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and overall acceptability were subjected to statistical analysis. Total solids percentage of Ujani basundi were increased with increase in the level of bottle gourd pulp and fat, protein, solids not fat, acidity and ash percentage was decreased with increase in the level of bottle gourd pulp. The sensory evaluation for (overall acceptability) carried out by the judges, showed that Ujani basundi prepared by adding with 15 part bottle gourd pulp (T4) had secured the highest score (8.80) and ranked as acceptable treatment. This Ujani basundi contained 15.90 per cent fat, 50.78 per cent total solids, 8.70 per cent protein, 19.90 per cent solids not fat, 0.39 per cent acidity and 1.70 per cent ash. The cost of production of Ujani basundi was decrease with the increase in the level of bottle gourd pulp. The cost of production was higher of treatment T1 with addition of 0 part bottle gourd pulp (Rs.155.46 per kg) while, the Ujani basundi prepared by adding 15 parts of bottle gourd pulp (T4 treatment) costing (Rs. 152.85 per kg) which was superiorly accepted by the panel of judges. Hence, it is concluded that superior quality Ujani basundi can be prepared by addition of 15 per cent of bottle gourd pulp.
Open Access
MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS EVALUATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED CONDITION.
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) YELORE, SANKET ASHOKRAO.; Amarshettiwar, Dr. S. B.
The present investigation entitled “Morphophysiological traits evaluation of wheat genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated condition” was carried out in rabi season of 2018-2019 at farm of Botany section, College of agriculture, Nagpur, in split plot design with irrigated and moisture stress condition as main plot treatment with eight wheat genotypes viz., AKAW 4739, AKAW 4901, AKAW 5099, AKAW 5104, AKAW 4927, AKAW 4973-2, AKW 1071, AKW 381 as sub plot treatments. Treatment were replicated thrice. The data was recorded on the basis of different morpho-physiological 45, 60 and 75 DAS, biochemical parameters at anthesis and seven days after anthesis, yield and yield attributing characters at harvest stage. Data revealed that, wheat genotypes AKAW 5104 (3736 kg ha-1), AKW 1071 (3609 kg ha-1) and AKAW 4927 (3408 kg ha-1) recorded significantly higher yield and found 35.90 %, 31.28% and 23.97 % respectively, higher over AKAW 4973-2 (2749 kg ha-1) and significantly superior for all the morpho-physiological and biochemical characters viz., higher relative water content, RGR, spike length, number of spikes / m2, flag leaf length and width, leaf area, SMC, CCI (at anthesis and seven days after anthesis), CSI and lower plant height, canopy temperature as compared to wheat genotypes evaluated under moisture stress condition resulted in significantly increase in grain yield of wheat genotypes under study. Among eight genotypes AKAW 4739 (3001 kg ha-1), AKAW 5104 (2929 kg ha-1) and AKW 1071 (2857 kg ha-1) recorded significantly higher grain yield kg ha-1 under moisture stress condition which was 22.89 %, 19.94 % and 16.99 % higher over AKAW 4973-2 (2442 kg ha-1) on the basis of morphophysiological traits viz., higher proline content, CSI, CCI, RWC and lower canopy temperature at anthesis and seven days after anthesis as compared to remaining genotypes and said to be drought tolerant genotypes. Yield and yield attributing characters indicates that yield of wheat genotypes have shown significantly positive correlation with RWC 75 DAS (0.79), proline (0.81) and CSI (0.91) however, plant height at harvest (-0.56) found highly negative correlated with yield. AKAW 5104 and AKW 1071 are identified for both irrigated and moisture stress conditions while AKAW 4973 is identified for only irrigated condition and AKAW 4739 only under moisture stress condition.
Open Access
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) CHAVAN, PAVAN BALIRAM.; Moon, Shri. M. K.
Thirty F1 crosses were developed from six parents through full diallel mating design was evaluated for ten characters to estimate magnitude of heterosis and combining ability effect of parents, specific combining ability and reciprocal combining ability effect of crosses and to identify potential F1’s for advancing in further. Six parents and thirty crosses along with two checks Maharaja and Rajarshi were raised in adjacent plot in RBD replicated twice with spacing of 60 X 20 cm and recorded observation on days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to maturity, plant height (cm), cob length (cm), cob girth (cm), number of grains cob-1, 100 grain weight (g), grain yield plant-1 and grain yield plot-1. All the crosses exhibited significant heterosis in positive and negative direction. The means squares due to general combining ability and specific combining ability were significant for all the characters and means squares due to reciprocal combining ability significant for all the characters except days to 50% tasseling and cob girth. CM145, CM152 and CM123 are the parents were identified as good general combiner for yield and other yield contributing characters. These genotypes were may be recommended for their use in the crossing programme or for developing gene pool. High mean performance, significant useful heterosis, in desirable direction and positive significance sca/rca effect were considered as the criteria for selection of potential crosses. Based on above criteria the crosses UMI1200 X CM152, CM152 X CM145, CM152 X UMI1200 and UMI1200 X CM124 were identified to exhibit high mean, significant positive heterosis over both the checks and significant positive combining ability for grain yield plant-1 and other yield contributing characters.
Open Access
INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF HUMIC ACID AND NAPHATHALENE ACETIC ACID (NAA) ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) HIVARE, VISHAL SHRIDHAR.; Deotale, Dr. R. D.
Influence of foliar sprays of humic acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on growth and productivity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was carried out during rabi 2018-19 in the field of area of section of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. Experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications and twelve treatments. Twelve treatments viz., T1 (Control), T2 (25 ppm NAA), T3 (50 ppm NAA), T4 (300 ppm HA), T5 (400 ppm HA), T6 (500 ppm HA), T7 (25 ppm NAA + 300 ppm HA), T8 (25 ppm NAA + 400 ppm HA), T9 (25 ppm NAA + 500 ppm HA). T10 (50 ppm NAA + 300 ppm HA), T11 (50 ppm NAA + 400 ppm HA) and T12 (50 ppm NAA + 500 ppm HA) were tested. Seeds were sown at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 by dibbling method at a spacing of 45 cm x 20 cm on 26th Sept. 2018 after receiving the sufficient rainfall. Thereafter, all intercultural operations were done as and when required. Spraying of humic acid and NAA was done two times at 40 and 70 DAS with hand sprayer. The observations on morpho-physiological, growth analysis, biochemical and chemical parameters like plant height plant-1, number of braches plant-1, total dry weight plant-1, leaf area plant-1, leaf chlorophyll and N, P, K content in leaves were recorded at 40, 60 80 and 100 DAS respectively. Similarly RGR and NAR were calculated at 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 DAS. Oil content in seeds also estimated. Observations on yield and yield contributing parameters like number of capitula plant-1, number of seeds capitulum-1, 1000 seed weight, seed yield plant-1, plot-1, ha-1 and harvest index were also recorded. Data obtained from all the observations were subjected to statistical analysis. Data revealed that two foliar sprays of 300, 400 and 500 ppm humic acid and 25 and 50 ppm NAA alone or in combination significantly enhanced morpho-physiological parameters viz., plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of plant, RGR, NAR, chemical and biochemical parameters viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorophyll in leaf and oil content in seed and yield and yield contributing attributes viz., number of capitula plant-1, number of seeds capitulum-1, 1000 seed weight, seed yield plant-1, plot-1 and ha-1 over control. Considering the treatments under study two foliar sprays of 50 ppm NAA + 300 ppm humic acid at 40 and 70 DAS was found to be most effective treatment in improving morpho-physiological, chemical and biochemical, yield and yield contributing paramaters of safflower cv. PKV-Pink and ultimately increased yield by 56.56 per cent over control.
Open Access
INDUCTION OF MUTATION IN LATHYRUS BY GAMMA RAYS.
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) CHAVAN, VASUDEO TUKRAM.; Patil, Dr. S. R.
An experiment on induction of mutation in lathyrus by gamma rays was conducted by using treated seeds of lathyrus cv. NLK-73 with 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 Gy doses of gamma rays in non-replicated trial along with control. The treated material along with untreated control were sown in M1 generation and the seeds collected from individual plant of M1 generation were used to raise M2 generation during rabi 2017 and 2018 respectively. Observations on morphological traits, biometrical traits and cytological traits were recorded on each and every plant in each treatment and data were subjected to statistical analysis. Germination and mortality percentage were recorded in M1 and M2 generation and it was found that reduction in germination percentage and increase in mortality as compared to control. In M2 generation number of branches plant-1 and pollen grain size increased significantly in all the treatments as compared to control. Days to first flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods plant-1, 100 seed weight and grain yield plant-1 increased in some treatments and decreased in some treatments. Pollen grain frequency mm-2 reduced significantly in all the treatments as compared to control. Pollen grain frequency decreased with increase in dose of gamma rays. Fifteen different types of morphological mutants viz., chlorophyll, early flowering, tall, broad leaves, profuse branches, more pods, flower colour, purple colour leaf, narrow leaves, more pods and tall, broad leaves and tall, broad leaves and profuse branches, profuse branches and tall, profuse branches and more pods, high yield and more pods were identified and isolated.Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency increased with increase in dose upto 250 Gy and 200 Gy respectively, later on both decreased with increase in dose of gamma rays. Mutagenic effectiveness decreased with the increase in doses of gamma rays. The superior desirable 123 single plant mutants were identified from the different treatments of M2 generation of lathyrus for testing in M3 generation as progeny row till homozygosity is reached which can then be tested in yield trial.
Open Access
SODIUM AZIDE INDUCED GENETIC VARIABILITY IN M4 GENERATION OF INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea) coss.
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) PRAJAPATI, SHAILENDRA SAGAR.; Nair, Dr. Beena
The present study was carried out with the objectives to estimate variances between family and within family in M4 generation, to estimate genetic parameters in M4 generation and to identify superior mutants in M4 generation for further utilization, at experimental farm of AICRP Linseed and Mustard, College of Agriculture Nagpur during rabi 2019 in M4 generation. In rabi 2019, 161 mutants along with three checks (PM 21, Kranti and Shatabdi) were evaluated in M4 generation in two replication. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches plant-1, number of siliqua plant-1, number of seed siliqua-1, length of siliqua, seed yield plant-1 and 1000 seed weight were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that the mean squares due to between family were highly significant for all traits, revealing the presence of significant genetic variability between the families. Intra class correlation (t) lead the conclusion that differences between individuals within family is large and each family differentiated distinctly from the other one at lower level in M4 generation hence, equal weightage to σ2f and σ2w were suggested to be considered for selection in M4 generation. The genetic parameter analysis revealed the importance of number of siliqua plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 for selection of better individual mutant from the progenies, based on genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance. In M5 generation 93 individual plants from progeny were selected from 161 mutants of M4 generation. These mutants will be further evaluated in M5 generation and those found superior will be forwarded to yield trials.
Open Access
INFLUENCE OF ZINC AND IRON ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LATHYRUS (Lathyrus sativus L.).
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) PISE, SATISH EKNATH.; Shende, Dr. P. V.
A study was carried out to evaluate the foliar sprays of zinc and iron on morpho-physiological, chemical and biochemical, yield and yield contributing parameters of lathyrus cv. Ratan. A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Agricultural Botany section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during year 2018-19 with three replication and seventeen treatments. The treatments included in this experiment were (T1) control, (T2) RDF + Control, (T3) RDF + ZnSO4 0.1 %, (T4) RDF + ZnSO4 0.2%, (T5) RDF + FeSO4 0.4%, (T6) RDF + ZnSO4 0.4 %, (T7) RDF + ZnSO4 0.5 %, (T8) RDF + FeSO4 0.1 %, (T9) RDF + FeSO4 0.2 %, (T10) RDF + FeSO4 0.3%, (T11) RDF + FeSO4 0.4%, (T12) RDF + ZnSO4 0.5 %, (T13) RDF + ZnSO4 0.1% + FeSO4 0.1%, (T14) RDF + ZnSO4 0.2% + FeSO4 0.2%, (T15) RDF + ZnSO4 0.3% + FeSO4 0.3%, (T16) RDF + ZnSO4 0.4% + FeSO4 0.4% and (T17) RDF + ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5%. Experiment was laid out in RBD design with three replications and ten treatments. Sowing was done by dibbling method on dated 26th October 2018 at a spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm. Thereafter, all the intercultural operations were done as and when required. The recommended dose of 25 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 was applied in all treatments. Spraying of zinc and iron was done two times i.e. on 25 and 40 DAS. Observations about morpho-physiological parameters such as plant height, number of branches plant-1, leaf area plant-1, and total dry weight of plant were recorded at 30, 45, and 60 DAS. RGR and NAR were calculated at 30-45 and 45-60 DAS. Chemical and biochemical parameters like leaf total chlorophyll, N, P, K content in leaves, protein content in seed were also estimated. Observations on yield and yield contributing parameters like 100 seed weight, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, seed yield plant-1 (g), plot-1 (kg) and ha-1 (q) were recorded. All these above mentioned parameters were analyzed statistically. Results obtain from this study confirmed that foliar sprays of zinc (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) and iron (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) either individually or in combination significantly enhanced morpho-physiological parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, leaf area plant-1, total dry weight of plant, RGR, NAR, chemical and biochemical parameters viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorophyll in leaf, protein content in seed, yield and yield contributing parameters viz., 100 seed weight, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, seed yield plant-1 (g), plot-1 (kg), ha-1 (q) and harvest index over control. From overall results, it can be stated that foliar application of zinc and iron individually or in combination with different concentrations improved the morpho-physiological and biochemical and yield contributing parameters might have helped in attaining better seed yield in the present investigation. The highest per cent increase in yield over control was observed by foliar application of RDF + ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% (T17) i.e. 58.82 % over control (T1). Finally it can be stated that spraying of plants with ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% at 25 and 40 DAS could be considered as most suitable concentration and time to enhance growth and yield of lathyrus.
Open Access
GENETIC STUDIES IN M4 POPULATION OF SOYBEAN CULTIVAR TAMS-38.
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) BISANE, RITIK DIGAMBER.; Kamdi, Dr. S. R.
The present study was conducted with the objective to estimate between and within family variances, estimate genetic parameters and identify superior mutants for further utilization, at experimental farm of Agricultural Botany Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during kharif 2018 in M4 generation. In kharif 2017, 104 mutants identified in M3 generation along with two checks (TAMS-38 and JS-335) were evaluated in M4 generation in two replications. Data were recorded on germination percentage, days to first flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pod plant-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield plant-1 were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that the mean square due to between family were highly significant for all traits, revealing the presence of significant genetic variability between the families. Intra class correlation (t) lead the conclusion that differences between individuals within family is large and each family differentiated distinctly from the other were also large for all traits except germination percentage in M4 generation hence, equal weightage to σ2f and σ2w were suggested to be considered for selection in M4 generation. Genetic parameters estimated revealed that seed yield plant-1, number of pod plant-1, 100 seed weight, plant height and days to maturity where those characters influenced by additive gene action as they exhibited high genotypic coefficient of variation, moderate heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean and hence considered for selection. Due to the predominance of additive gene action for yield and yield component, 144 individual plants from 41 families selected in M4 generation were suggested to be raised in progeny rows for one more generation so as to attain homozygosity.
Open Access
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN M5 GENERATION OF MUSTARD.
(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019) HOSUR, PRAKASH LAXMAPPA.; Nair, Dr. Beena.
The present study was conducted with the objectives to estimate genetic variability of the selected mutants based on morphological characters and selection of superior mutants from M5 generation of mustard at AICRP on Linseed and Mustard farm of College of Agriculture Nagpur during rabi 2018 in M5 generation. In rabi2018, 26 advanced mutants along with four checks (Bio 902, Pusa bold, Kranti, Shatabdi) were evaluated in randomized block design in three replication. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches plant-1, number of siliqua plant-1, number of seeds siliqua-1, length of siliqua, seed yield plant-1 and 1000 seed weight. Diversity analysis of 10 high yielding advanced mutants was also done using 20 SSR primers. META DATA Analysis of variance indicated that the mean square due to between family and within family were highly significant for all traits, revealing the presence of significant genetic variability between the families. Intra class correlation (t) lead the conclusion that each family distinctly differentiated from each other and differences between individuals within a family is large for all the characters. Therefore it was suggested to assign more weightage to σ2f than σ2w for selection in this generation. The genetic parameter analysis revealed the importance of number of siliqua plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 for selection of better individual mutant from the progenies, based on genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance. In M5 generation 8 high yielding plants from 26 advanced mutants were selected. Twenty SSR primers were used to evaluate 10 mutant genotypes of mustard. The PCR amplified products of each primer were resolved on 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. Out of 20 SSR primers screened during present study, 12 primers viz.,Na14E08, Na10G10, OI11B05, OI12E03, OI10F06, Ni4H05, Ni2E12, Ni2H06, Ni2Co1, Ni4G09b, Ra2DO4 and OI10F09were found monomorphic and eight primers viz., Na12E01, Na10E02, OI10E05, Na12A08, Na12D04, Na12F11, Ra2E12 and Ra2A11 were found polymorphic for the set of selected genotypes. And based on banding pattern dendrogram was generated for better understanding of the diversity among the selected mutants. Eight mutants viz., ACNMM 20, ACNMM 23, ACNMM 17, ACNMM 12, ACNMM 22, ACNMM 1, ACNMM 3 and ACNMM 9 were selected on the basis of yield and some of these mutants viz., ACNMM 23, ACNMM 22, ACNMM 13, ACNMM 14, ACNMM 7 were observed to be diverse from the checks as they appeared in different clades as that of checks. Some of them were found similar to the checks viz., ACNMM 9, ACNMM 4, ACNMM 17, ACNMM 19 to BIO-902 and ACNMM 15 to Kranti as they occupied the same clade as that of the check. These superior mutants will be further evaluated in multilocation trials of superior and diverse genotypes which can be released as variety or used in breeding programme.