HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD AND OIL CONTENT IN SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Date
2019
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ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR
Abstract
The present research investigation on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was carried out to study the extent of genetic variability, combining ability of parents and crosses, identification of superior heterotic hybrids, character association and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield and its component traits. The material for the present study comprised 24 hybrids derived from 4 CMS lines and 6 testers in a Line x Tester mating design. The 24 hybrids along with their parents and 4 standard checks were evaluated during rabi, 2018-19 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal for 18 characters.
The analysis of variance for parents and their hybrids for various characters under study indicated the presence of ample amount of variability among the genotypes for various characters studied. The perusal of mean performance of parents and their hybrids revealed that, among lines, NDLA-4 and CMS 30 A and among testers R-106, RHA-271, NGM-16 and NO-30 were found as promising parents, while, the crosses viz., NDLA-4 x NGM-16 and CMS 17 A x NO-15 were promising hybrids for seed yield and its component traits.
The traits viz., leaf area index, specific leaf area, number of seeds per head, autogamy per cent, seed yield and oil yield revealed higher values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean implying their scope for genetic improvement through simple selection strategies.
The studies of ANOVA for combining ability reported significant differ-ences among the lines, testers and line x tester interactions for most of the traits. The ratio of GCA:SCA variances indicated the presence of non-additive gene ac-tion for all the traits (except hull content).
The general combining ability studies inform that the lines, CMS-30 A and NDLA-4 as good general combiners for seed yield, oil content and yield compo-nent traits. Among testers, NGM-16, R-106 and NO-15 were considered as good combiners for seed yield, oil content and oil yield, respectively. With regard to specific combining ability effects, the crosses NDLA-3 x NO-30 (L x L) and CMS-30 A x R-106 (H x L) for seed yield and CMS-17 A x RHA-271 (L x L) for oil content were found as promising. The significant SCA combinations which in-volved H x L or L x H general combiners which are likely to produce desirable transgressive segregants may be studied through biparental mating or diallel selective mating or any other form of recurrent selection in the early segregating generations followed by single plant selections to exploit both additive and non-additive gene actions.
Heterotic studies implies that the crosses NDLA-4 x NGM-16 and CMS-30 A x R-106 excelled all the check hybrids NDSH-1012, DRSH-1, KBSH-44 and Kaveri with high positive standard and better parent heterosis values for seed yield and oil yield, respectively and are worth for testing over locations. While, the cross CMS-30 A x NO-30 exhibited significant high standard heterosis against the checks DRSH-1, KBSH-44 and Kaveri which can be exploited in future breeding programmes for high oil content.
The association analysis indicated that seed yield had positive significant association with most of the traits viz., leaf area index, plant height, stem girth, head diameter, number of leaves per plant, 100 seed weight, number of seeds per head, volume weight, seed set per cent, oil content and oil yield, hence for increasing the yield, importance may be given for these traits in the improvement programmes.
The path coefficient analysis concluded that the genetic improvement of the seed yield in sunflower would be easier through indirect selection of the component traits viz., oil yield, days to 50 per cent flowering and number of seeds per head.
The present study indicated that the crosses viz., NDLA-4 x NGM-16, CMS-17 A x NO-15 and CMS-17 A x NGM-16 were promising for seed yield, oil content and its component traits based on significant heterosis over better parent, gca, sca effects and per se performance indicating the commercial exploitation after testing over wide range of environments. These crosses can also be used for further exploitation in the subsequent generations.
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D5792
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