STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND SSR BASED MOLECULAR PROFILING IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)
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Date
2019-07-21
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College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, HYD-30
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Studies on genetic diversity for yield and
yield attributes and SSR based molecular profiling in Chilli (Capsicum annuum
L.)” was undertaken to estimate the mean, genetic divergence, genetic variability,
correlation, path analysis for yield and yield components along with genetic divergence
at molecular level. Forty genotypes were sown in a Randomized Block Design with three
replications, each row with 8 plants of a genotype to evaluate genetic divergence during
Kharif, 2018 at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The data on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield contributing
characters under study revealed significant variation among genotypes for all the twenty
characters. The result of mean performance of forty genotypes for twenty characters
revealed that the genotype Warangal chapata was superior for yield and yield
contributing characters i.e., average fruit weight (17.11g), fruit yield/plant (0.690kg)
and yield per plot (11kg). The genotype Hirkani was found to be early for days to 50
per cent flowering (39.67 days), days to fruit set (43 days), days to first fruiting (71
days), days to first harvest(81 days). Genotype Warangal Chapata was found superior
for ascorbic acid content (150.13mg/100g). High capsanthin content (276.59ASTA
units) in genotype PSR 7075 and oleoresin content (14.73%) in genotype AAT 2 was
found. Genotypes ST 13837 and ST 13874 were found superior for capsaicin content
(0.82%). Mahalanobis D2 statistical analysis revealed that the character ascorbic acid
content contributed maximum (2551.28%) towards diversity, followed by capsaicin
content(2397.44%) ,capsanthin content (1807.61%) , fruit length (1705.1%),oleoresin
content (717.95%), fruit yield per plant (576.92%), chlorophyll content , days to first
fruiting, number of primary branches per plant and recovery percentage towards total
diversity.
The inter cluster D2 values of the fifteen clusters revealed that the highest inter
cluster generalized distance (4600.06) was between cluster XV and cluster VIII, while,
the lowest (369.21) was between cluster VII and cluster V. This high genetic divergence
could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean indicates
operation of additive gene action as observed in the characters viz., plant height, number
of primary branches per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of flowers per
axil, days to fruit set, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, fruit length, fruit
diameter, average fruit weight, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content, capsanthin
content, capsaicin content and chlorophyll content.
High PCV and GCV were recorded for plant height, number of primary branches
per plant, number of flowers per axil, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight,
fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, oleoresin content, capsaicin content and
chlorophyll content indicating the existence of wider genetic variability for these traits
in the genotypes under study.
The results on correlation studies indicated positive association of fruit yield per
plant with other yield contributing characters though not significant. But, fruit yield per
plot showed positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of primary
branches per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, recovery
percentage, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content, capsanthin content, capsaicin
content and chlorophyll content at both phenotypic and genotypic levels indicating that
improvement in these characters simultaneously improves fresh fruit yield per plot. Path coefficient analysis showed that the plant height, number of primary
branches per plant, days to first fruiting, duration of crop, average fruit weight, fruit
length, fruit yield per plot, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content and capsanthin
content recorded positive direct effect at both phenotypic and genotypic levels on fruit
yield per plant indicating that direct selection based on these characters would be
effective for increasing the yield.
Three genotypes viz.,Warangal Chapata, PSR 7075, EC 399574 were found to
be promising genotypes in view of the mean performances and can be evaluated in
further trials. Eight genotypes Warangal Chapata, PSR 7075, NIC 23923, Hirkani, EC 399574,
PBC 80, ST 13874 and ST 13837 showed better performance for quality traits and can
be used in breeding programme for introgression of genes into high yielding varieties.
Three genotypes ST 13837, ST 13874 and ST 13875 can be exploited as ornamentals
because of their beautiful foliage and fruits.
From the present molecular study, two diverse genotypes (NIC 19967 and SR
6514) and two highly similar genotypes (Hirkani and SRS 13578) were identified
genotypically which can be deployed in chilli breeding and crop improvement
programmes.
Description
The present investigation entitled “Studies on genetic diversity for yield and
yield attributes and SSR based molecular profiling in Chilli (Capsicum annuum
L.)” was undertaken to estimate the mean, genetic divergence, genetic variability,
correlation, path analysis for yield and yield components along with genetic divergence
at molecular level. Forty genotypes were sown in a Randomized Block Design with three
replications, each row with 8 plants of a genotype to evaluate genetic divergence during
Kharif, 2018 at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The data on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield contributing
characters under study revealed significant variation among genotypes for all the twenty
characters. The result of mean performance of forty genotypes for twenty characters
revealed that the genotype Warangal chapata was superior for yield and yield
contributing characters i.e., average fruit weight (17.11g), fruit yield/plant (0.690kg)
and yield per plot (11kg). The genotype Hirkani was found to be early for days to 50
per cent flowering (39.67 days), days to fruit set (43 days), days to first fruiting (71
days), days to first harvest(81 days). Genotype Warangal Chapata was found superior
for ascorbic acid content (150.13mg/100g). High capsanthin content (276.59ASTA
units) in genotype PSR 7075 and oleoresin content (14.73%) in genotype AAT 2 was
found. Genotypes ST 13837 and ST 13874 were found superior for capsaicin content
(0.82%). Mahalanobis D2 statistical analysis revealed that the character ascorbic acid
content contributed maximum (2551.28%) towards diversity, followed by capsaicin
content(2397.44%) ,capsanthin content (1807.61%) , fruit length (1705.1%),oleoresin
content (717.95%), fruit yield per plant (576.92%), chlorophyll content , days to first
fruiting, number of primary branches per plant and recovery percentage towards total
diversity.
The inter cluster D2 values of the fifteen clusters revealed that the highest inter
cluster generalized distance (4600.06) was between cluster XV and cluster VIII, while,
the lowest (369.21) was between cluster VII and cluster V. This high genetic divergence
could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean indicates
operation of additive gene action as observed in the characters viz., plant height, number
of primary branches per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of flowers per
axil, days to fruit set, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, fruit length, fruit
diameter, average fruit weight, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content, capsanthin
content, capsaicin content and chlorophyll content.
High PCV and GCV were recorded for plant height, number of primary branches
per plant, number of flowers per axil, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight,
fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, oleoresin content, capsaicin content and
chlorophyll content indicating the existence of wider genetic variability for these traits
in the genotypes under study.
The results on correlation studies indicated positive association of fruit yield per
plant with other yield contributing characters though not significant. But, fruit yield per
plot showed positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of primary
branches per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, recovery
percentage, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content, capsanthin content, capsaicin
content and chlorophyll content at both phenotypic and genotypic levels indicating that
improvement in these characters simultaneously improves fresh fruit yield per plot. Path coefficient analysis showed that the plant height, number of primary
branches per plant, days to first fruiting, duration of crop, average fruit weight, fruit
length, fruit yield per plot, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content and capsanthin
content recorded positive direct effect at both phenotypic and genotypic levels on fruit
yield per plant indicating that direct selection based on these characters would be
effective for increasing the yield.
Three genotypes viz.,Warangal Chapata, PSR 7075, EC 399574 were found to
be promising genotypes in view of the mean performances and can be evaluated in
further trials. Eight genotypes Warangal Chapata, PSR 7075, NIC 23923, Hirkani, EC 399574,
PBC 80, ST 13874 and ST 13837 showed better performance for quality traits and can
be used in breeding programme for introgression of genes into high yielding varieties.
Three genotypes ST 13837, ST 13874 and ST 13875 can be exploited as ornamentals
because of their beautiful foliage and fruits.
From the present molecular study, two diverse genotypes (NIC 19967 and SR
6514) and two highly similar genotypes (Hirkani and SRS 13578) were identified
genotypically which can be deployed in chilli breeding and crop improvement
programmes.
Keywords
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Citation
Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30