G X E interaction and genetic studies for agronomic and climate resilent traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
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Date
2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during two sowing seasons Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 at three different date of planting i.e. 20 Nov. 2016 (E1), 24 Dec. 2016 (E2), 16 Jan. 2016 (E3), 20 Nov. 2017 (E4), 24 Dec. 2017 (E5), 16 Jan. 2018 (E6) for 24 wheat genotypes. The experimental material was evaluated in RBD with three replications by planting in three different environments each year at N. E. B. Crop Research Centre of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. These genotypes were evaluated for different genetic parameters including variability, diversity, stability and molecular genetic diversity. The analysis of variance for different traits revealed highly significant mean sum of squares for all traits viz., days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, peduncle length, tiller number/meter square, spike length, number of spikelet/spike, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-kernel weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain filling duration, Canopy Temperature Depression (CTD) ( taken in three stages namely heading, anthesis & physiological maturity) and Normalized Differentiation Vegetation Index (NDVI) (taken in three stages namely heading, anthesis & physiological maturity) under all environments. The 24 genotypes were grouped into five clusters in timely sown (E4) environment while in late sown environment (E5) seven clusters were obtained. In timely sown (E4) environment plant height contributed the maximum to the diversity while in late sown (E5) 1000- grain weight contributed the maximum to the diversity. The pooled analysis of variance of AMMI model for eight different characters in six different environments showed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes, environments and G x E interaction were highly significant for all characters. Based on the ASV, the most stable genotype for grain yield per plot was Giza 155 and Bacanora was ranked the least stable. In terms of grain yield /plot HD 2967 had the highest rank. Three genotypes PBW 343, Giza168, HD 2967 were found to be best in terms of more grain yield/plot and stability. Molecular characterization revealed that out of 28 SSR markers only 14 were found to be polymorphic. Marker Xgwm294 was most informative marker based on highest PIC of value 0.85. Marker Xgwm148 revealed that genotypes Kenyia TK 18, Raj 4037, PBW 343, Heines Peko, Raj 3765, Giza168, HD 2967 and Sunstar were heat tolerant. On basis of Jaccard similarity coefficient 24 genotypes were divided into two major clusters A and B. Genotypes viz., Kenyia TK18 and IC 212185 were found to be most diverse lines in the present study. On the basis of above results, it can be concluded that these 24 wheat genotypes under study contains sufficient amount of genetic variability and genetic diversity for heat tolerance hence these genotypes can be used in wheat breeding programs to develop tolerant varieties for heat.
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