GENETIC ANALYSES OF MULTIPLE STRESS RESISTANCE IN RELATION TO ADAPTATION IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2002
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University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad
Abstract
"Biotic and abiotic stresses are the major conslraiiils in achieving higher and stable
production in groundnut. Genetic solution entails cultivation of multiple stress resistant
varieties. Available cultivars are susceptible to most of the stresses. Significant genetic
variability existed for resistance to various biotic (late leaf spot, rust, Sclerotium, bud necrosis
and Spodoptera) and abiotic (Iron chlorosis) stresses in the germplasm. Correlations indicated
scope for selection of multiple resistant germplasm. Several interspecific derivatives, mutants
and some advanced breeding lines exhibited resistance to more than one stress. But most of
the multiple stress resistant genotypes matured late and adapted specifically to Kharif season.
Early maturing Trombay groundnut stocks with superior agronomic features had adaptability
to both Kharif and Summer seasons. But due to their intrinsic susceptibility to most of the
stresses, their performance was severely affected during Kharif.
Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated the
predominance of environmental component in the expression of pod, kernel and oil yield.
Resistant genotypes, ICGV 87165 and B 37c were specifically suited to Kharif season.
Released cultivars, R 8808 and TAG 24 were specifically adapted to Summer. Foliar disease
resistant genotype, D 39d with slight interaction effect was suitable to both Kharif and
Summer seasons.
Twelve crosses were made between large seeded/widely adapted Trombay genotypes
and resistant germplasm to combine agronomic superiority with resistance. Depending on the
parents used, 2-3 complementary recessive genes governed late leaf spot and rust resistance in
the crosses. Further resistance to late leaf spot and rust was independent. Crosses involving
Mutant 28-2 were superior for late leaf spot and Spodoptera resistance, while those involving
D 39d and B 37c for late leaf spot and rust resistance. The parents 28-2 and TG 49
contributed significantly to large seed size.
Germplasm exhibited limited polymorphism with individual biochemical (isozyme and
proteins) markers. When, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase and proteins (total and seed)
were combined together, only 15 genotypes were uniquely fingerprinted revealing a need for
use of other biochemical/molecular markers."
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