Deciphering the genetics of some quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2019-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Research work on combining ability analysis, heterosis and gene action for yield and some quantitative traits in wheat genotypes. Seven genotypes were crossed in half diallel mating design during rabi season 2017-18 in Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Center of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. In rabi season 2018-19, field experiment with 30 genotypes comprising 7 parents, 21 F1s and 2 checks was laid down in randomized block design with three replications in two conditions i.e. rainfed and irrigated condition. nineteen characters taken under study i.e., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, number of productive tillers plant-1, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, peduncle length, awn length, 1000 grain weight, grain yield plant,-1, harvest index, relative water content, chlorophyll content at anthesis and 15 DAA, CTD at anthesis and 15 DAA and NDVI at anthesis and 15 DAA. Statistical analysis revealed that significant difference among the genotypes for all characters in both the conditions but in case of pooled analysis only relative water content, number of spikelets spike-1, spike length, 1000 grain weight and biological yield per plant were significant. For most of the trait variance ratio was less than one indicating preponderance of non additive gene action. Awn length and chlorophyll content at 15DAA showed maximum values of variance ratio in rainfed and irrigated condition, respectively. Among parental lines WH1080 emerged as a good general combiner for 1000 grain weight, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index in rainfed condition and spike length, chlorophyll content at 15 DAA, NDVI at 15 DAA and 1000 grain weight in irrigated condition. . CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA was identified as best general combiner for maximum number of traits in pooled condition viz., number of productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, number of spikelets per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and grain yield plant.-1 TACUPETO F2001/ BRAMBLING/5/NAC/TH.AC/ / 3*PVN/3/MIRLO × PASTOR/ /HXL7573/ 2*BAU/3 /WBLL1/6 /MTRWA92.161 / PRINIA , HD3159 × PASTOR/ /HXL7573/2* BAU/ 3/WBLL1/6/ MTRWA92.161/ PRINIA /5 and CROC1/ AE.SQUARROSA × PASTOR/ /HXL 7573/2* BAU/3 /WBLL1/6/ MTRWA92.161/PRINIA/5 was identified as the best specific combination for maximum number of traits in rainfed, irrigated and pooled condition, respectively. Relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis was estimated for all the characters among which for grain yield CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA × PASTOR/ /HXL7573/2* BAU/3/WBLL1 /6/ MTRWA92.161/ PRINIA/5 (60.412) and CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA × WH1080 (101.672) showed maximum heterosis over check PBW644 in rainfed condition and CROC-1/ AE.SQUARROSA × PASTOR//HXL7573/2 *BAU/3/WBLL1/6 /MTRWA (92.161) and CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA × WH1080 (35.639) showed maximum heterosis over check UP2572 in irrigated condition. In morphological screening and characterization, WAXWING//INQALAB91*2/ KUKUNA/3/ WBLL1*2/TUKURU/8 showed better performance and further selected as it possess maximum number of traits suitable for rainfed condition.
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