GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
1986
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Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidaypeeth, Rahuri
Abstract
Studies on seed borne mycoflora of seven commonly grown groundnut
(Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars namely SB XI, JL-24, M-13, UF 70-103,
TG-17, R 33-1 and G-201 were undertaken. The seeds were graded into
five health grades. Affected seeds were reduced in weight and they were
responsible for poor germination, reduced stand and mortality in seedling.
In, all five fungi were isolated from seeds on groundnut vis.
Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillum
citrinum and Rhizopus arrhizus, out of which _A. niger and _M. phaseolina
were internal. Correlation of visually observed symptoms on seeds and
fungi associated with them were diffused coloured seeds producing
Aspergillus spp., while whitening of seed coat showed JR. arrhizus. From
yellow spotted and black spotted seeds, _P. citrinum and _M. phaseolina were
obtained, respectively. The frequency of occurance was _A. flavus (28.55%)
followed by _A. niger (28.05%), _R. arrhizus (27.57%), JP. citrinum (9.95%)
and JMU phaseolina (5.42%).The isolated fungi on inoculation reduced seed germination and
M. phaseolina induced seedling mortality.
Seedling blight in summer groundnut showed maximum, 2.36%,
wiliting in SB XI followed by 1.80% in UF 70-103. R 33-1 showed minimum,
1.12%, wilting. The organisms responsible for wilting were JW. phaseolina
(43.12%), _A. niger (20.99%), .A. flavus (18.03%) and S. rolfsii (16.24%).
They were studied in correlation of symptoms exhibited on roots and stems.
Storage study on groundnut seed was carried out in gunny bag and
tin box. Seeds stored in tin box showed comparatively better germination
and less percentages of _A. niger, R. arrhizus, M. phaseolina and P. citrinum
while _A. flavus slowly developed in tin box. A. niger went on increasing
in gunny bag. Gunny bag showed more numbers of organisms as compared
to tin .box.
Seed borne fungi can be controlled by seed treatment and it can
improve the germination of seed, vigour of seedling and give higher yileds
of pods and dried plants with fungicides like Thiram and Captan at 0.3%
concentration in summer and with Bavistin + Thiram and Thiram in Kharif.
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