Epidemiological studies on mango (Mangifera indica L.) anthracnose incited by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz. & Sacc.)
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Date
2017
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a most destructive disease of
mangoes worldwide. The epidemiology of the pathogen C.gloeosporioides was studied in vitro and in
vivo at Department of Plant pathology, CCSHAU, Hisar and different orchards and markets in Haryana
state. The weather variables such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours greatly
influence the development of disease. In order to ascertain the impact of weather parameters on disease
development, observations on disease severity were recorded during 2016 on Dashehari and Langra
cultivar of mango at two location of Haryana i.e. Karnal and Hisar. It was observed that disease
initiated in the field during the first fortnight of March and per cent disease index reached maximum in
July. The morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity, rainfall and minimum temperature
exhibited a positive correlation while sunshine hours and maximum temperature had a negative
correlation with per cent disease index. The disease was more on cultivar Dashehari. Market and field
survey were also conducted in seven different districts of Haryana. Highest disease severity on leaves
was noticed at Panchkula (35.44%) in the month of July followed by Yamunanagar (32%). Whereas,
on fruits maximum disease severity observed in orchards at Yamunanagar (18 %) followed by
Panchkula (16.77 %). In vitro studies, five culture media, four temperature levels exhibited better
growth of C. gloeosporioides. Results revealed that potato dextrose agar gave significantly highest
mean radial growth (49.69 mm) followed by Czapek’s Dox agar (47.83 mm) and oat meal agar (47.29
mm) with excellent sporulation. Temperature level indicated that maximum growth of the fungus
(48.25 mm) was recorded at 25°C was followed by 30°C (46.17 mm). Maximum conidial germination
was also observed at 25°C. Infection studies with leaves and fruits incubated at different temperature
and relative humidity to find out the suitable temperature and relative humidity for development of
anthracnose lesion. Results revealed that temperature of 25°C and relative humidity level of 100 % was
best suited for anthracnose development. Regarding host range, the pathogen was found to infect all
five fruit crops (citrus, grape, guava, papaya and strawberry) and two weeds (ulta kanta and santhi).
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