In vitro propagation, genetic diversity analysis and antioxidant potential of promising bamboo species
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Date
2015-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Bamboos, tall arborescent grass, belonging to the family Poaceae, are popularly known for their industrial uses. The juvenile shoots are rich in nutrient components, mainly proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and high amount of fiber and are low in fat. In addition, they contain phytosterols and fiber for that it can be termed as nutraceuticals. Due to the infrequent flowering i.e. seed production on unpredictable long interval (6-400 year), improvement of bamboo species is not possible through conventional breeding methods. Hence, in the present study in vitro propagation from axillary buds in MS medium with different growth hormone and carbon source were tested. A maximum number of 3.57±0.32 shoots and highest shoot length (3.30±0.24) were initiated on MS medium containing 0.75 ppm BAP and fructose. Endogenous Fungal contaminant was isolated, sequenced and identified as Fusarium equiseti. The Fungus had shown substantial production of amylase, cellulase and protease but not on laccase, lipase, lignin peroxidise and pectinase was observed. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production by F. equiseti was maximum on 7th day. In the present investigation higher copper and cobalt was observed in B. nutans (i.e., 673 and 611.3 and µg g-1 dry weight respectively), whereas in D. hamiltonii higher magnesium content (i.e., 2124 µg g-1 dry weight, respectively). Moisture content (%) was highest in D. strictus (94.7±0.35), protein in D. hamiltonii (3.6±0.15 g/100g dry wt.) and maximum content of carbohydrate in B. multiplex (14.97±0.58 g/100g dry wt.). Methanolic extract was used for investigation of antioxidant potential. Higher phenol content and flavonoid content was observed in D. strictus shoot (i.e., 1200±16.89 µg GAE g-1 extract weight and 995.83±13.24 µg QE g-1 extract weight, respectively). Maximum tannin was observed (188.33±0.225 mg tannic acid g-1 extract weight) in D. giganteus and proanthocyanidine content (11.67±0.96 mg Catechin equivalents g-1 extract weight) in shoots of B.tulda. Flavonol content (14.7±0.125 mg Catechol equivalents g-1extract weight) in D. giganteus. Highest reducing power activity, scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were observed in D. strictus (r2=1.000, 1.04±0.007 mg mL-1 and 3.64±0.075 µmole AAE g-1 extract weight respectively). Higher metal ion Chelating activity (EC50) was observed in shoot extracts of B. nutans (i.e., 0.702±0.002 mg mL-1). The antioxidant activity (FRAP) was observed in B. bambos 76.68±2.26 mmole FeSO4.7H2O g-1 extract weight. Best inhibition was showed by methanolic shoot extract of D. strictus against E. coli and B. subtilis and it correlated positively with phenolics and flavonoids. While, P. aeruginosa inhibition was better than antibiotic chloramphenicol and showed positive correlation with tannin content. Due to high yield, phenolic content and total antioxidant potential of B. vulgaris and D.strictus were selected for their bioactive compounds identification. The major compounds identified by GC-MS analysis of methanolic and petroleum ether extract of B. vulgaris shoot were 4-HydroxyBenzaldehyde (28.24%), 1,3,4,5 tetrahydroxy cyclo hexane carboxylic acid (12.01%) and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (18.47%), Stigmast-5-en-3ol,(3.beta.)-(10.75%). Compounds in methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of D. strictus shoots were also identified by GC-MS. Main compounds were 4-HydroxyBenzaldehyde (28.24%), 1,3,4,5 tetrahydroxy cyclo hexane carboxylic acid (13.77%), Stigmast-5-en-3-ol (10.91%) and 9, 12Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (18.47%), Stigmast-5-en-3-ol,(3.beta.)-(10.75%), respectively. In genetic diversity analysis of Bamboo shoot, Out of 26 RAPD primers, 5 were found to be polymorphic in eighteen test genotypes. The range of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was found to vary from 0.18 (between Bambusa vulgaris var. striata and Bambusa polymorpha) to 0.68 (between Bambusa vulgaris var. wamin and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata).
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